山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

菊科　Asteraceae

目錄 1 苦蕒菜屬　Ixeris 1.1 兔仔菜　Ixeris chinensis 1.2 細葉剪刀股　Ixeris debilis 1.3 多頭苦菜　Ixeris polycephala 1.4 濱剪刀股　Ixeris repens 1.5 蔓苦藚　Ixeris stolonifera 1.6 粗毛兔仔菜　Ixeris strigosa 1.7 澤苦菜　Ixeris tamagawaensis 2 Ixeris longirostra 3 Ixeris microcephala

苦蕒菜屬　Ixeris

兔仔菜　Ixeris chinensis

• 兔仔菜　Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai

Lactuca versicolor Maxim. → ???

Lactuca lacerrima Hayata → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Lactuca flavissima Hayata → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Lactuca chinensis auct. non (Thunb.) Nakai

Lactuca chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai var. flavissima (Hayata) Suzuki → ???

Lactuca lacerrima Hayata f. flavissima (Hayata) Kitamura → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Lactuca lacerrima Hayata f. indivisa Kitamura → ???

Lactuca lacerrima Hayata var. saxatilis Kitamura → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai var. saxatilis (Kitam.) Kitam. → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai var. lacerrima (Hayata) Kitagawa → ???

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai f. lacerrima (Hayata) Yamamoto → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Ixeridium chinense (Thunb.) Tzvel. → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai

細葉剪刀股　Ixeris debilis

• 細葉剪刀股　Ixeris debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray

Lactuca trifida Kitam. → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam.

Ixeris japonica (Burman) Nakai ssp. litoralis Kitam. → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam.

Ixeris japonica (Burman) Nakai ssp. salsuginosa Kitagawa

Ixeris japonica subsp. salsuginosa (Kitag.) Kitag. → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam.

Ixeris japonica (Burman) Nakai ssp. trifida (Kitam.) Kitam. → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam.

Ixeris debilis (Thunb.) A. Gray ssp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam. → Ixeris debilis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) A. Gray subsp. litoralis (Kitam.) Kitam.

Ixeris japonica (Burman) Nakai var. litoralis (Kitam.) H. L. Li → Ixeris japonica (Burm.f.) Nakai

多頭苦菜　Ixeris polycephala

• 多頭苦菜　Ixeris polycephala Cass.

Ixeris polycephala Cass. var. dissecta (Makino) Nakai → Ixeris polycephala Cass.

Lactuca matsumurae Makino → Ixeris polycephala Cass.

Ixeris polycephala Cass. f. dissecta (Makino) Ohwi → Ixeris polycephala Cass.

濱剪刀股　Ixeris repens

• 濱剪刀股　Ixeris repens (L.) A. Gray

Lactuca repens (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. → Ixeris repens (L.) A. Gray

Lactuca brachyrhyncha Hayata → Ixeris repens (L.) A. Gray

蔓苦藚　Ixeris stolonifera

• 蔓苦藚　Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray
• 台灣植物誌 第一版 Flora of Taiwan, 1st edition　　
• 台灣植物誌 第二版 Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?book=Fl.%20Taiwan%202nd%20edit.&volume=4&list=5342
  • 手繪圖；https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?book=Fl.%20Taiwan%202nd%20edit.&volume=4&list=5344
• Plants of TAIWAN 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=539%20064%2007%200
• Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray；Lu, Quarterly journal of Chinese forestry 11(3): 112. photo 14. 1978. (Quart. J. Chin. For., 中華林學季刊)

• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-128498

• Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray；Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 6(2): 396 1858；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14224058#page/430/mode/1up

• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Bat. 2: 191 (1866)；
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Franch. & Sav., EPJ 1: 271 (1875)；
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 114 (1923)；
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Kitam. in B. M. T. 49: 287 (1935)
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Kitam., Comp. Jap. 5: 123 (1956)
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Kitam., in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. ed. Engl.: 927 (1965)；
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；H.Hara, ESJ 2: 218 (1952)；
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Pak & Kawano in Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. (ser. Biol.) 15: 39 (1992)；

• Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray；Kitam., in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. ed. Engl.: 927 (1965)；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95083#page/961/mode/1up

• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray　 イワニガナ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=9572
• Ixeris stolonifera A.Gray；Hatus., Fl. Ryukyus: 634 (1971)

• 《中国植物志》 第80(1)卷 (1997) >> 240页 PDF >> 圆叶苦荬菜 Ixeris stolonifera；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Ixeris%20stolonifera?t=z
• FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 331, 332；4. Ixeris stolonifera A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. n.s., 6: 396. 1858.；圆叶苦荬菜；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242327374
  • 手繪圖；http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=121230&flora_id=2

粗毛兔仔菜　Ixeris strigosa

• 粗毛兔仔菜　Ixeris strigosa (Lév. & Vaniot) J. H. Pak & Kawano → ???
• Ixeris strigosa Pak & Kawano

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai ssp. strigosa (H. Lév & Vaniot) Kitam. → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. strigosa (Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam.

• 台灣植物誌 第一版 Flora of Taiwan, 1st edition　　
• 台灣植物誌 第二版 Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?book=Fl.%20Taiwan%202nd%20edit.&volume=4&list=5345
• Plants of TAIWAN 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=539%20064%2011%200
• Ixeris strigosa (H. Lév & Vaniot) H.-J. Pak & Kawano；Peng, Chung & Li, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 1004. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit., 台灣植物誌第二版)

• Ixeris strigosa Pak & Kawano is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-145718

• Ixeris strigosa (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Biol. 15(1–2): 34 (1992): (1992).
• Lactuca strigosa H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. sér. 3, 20(Mém.): 144 (1909).；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21782#page/152/mode/1up

• Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai ssp. strigosa (H. Lév & Vaniot) Kitam., The Botanical magazine, Tokyo 49: 283. 1935. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 植物學雜誌)

• Ixeris chinensis subsp. strigosa (Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam. is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-62821

• Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp. strigosa (H.Lév. et Vaniot) Kitam.　 タカサゴソウ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=3639

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai var. strigosa (H.Lév. et Vaniot) Ohwi；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=26550

Ixeris strigosa (H.Lév. et Vaniot) Pak et Kawano；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=31089

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Kitam. f. strigosa (H.Lév. et Vaniot) Kitag.；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=45312

• 《中国植物志》 第80(1)卷 (1997) >> 252页 PDF >> 光滑小苦荬 Ixeridium strigosum；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Ixeris%20chinensis%20subsp.%20strigosa?t=z
• FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 333；5b. Ixeris chinensis subsp. strigosa (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Kitamura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 49: 283. 1935.；光滑苦荬；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242327316

• Ixeridium strigosum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Tzvelev is a synonym of Ixeris strigosa Pak & Kawano；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-123907

澤苦菜　Ixeris tamagawaensis

• 澤苦菜　Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.

Lactuca gracilis auct. non DC.

Lactuca taitoensis Hayata → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

Ixeris graminea auct. non Fisch.

Ixeris chinensis Makino f. taitoensis (Hayata) Yamamoto → ???

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai f. taitoensis (Hayata) Yamam. → Ixeris chinensis (Thunb. ex Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis

• 台灣植物誌 第一版 Flora of Taiwan, 1st edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?book=Fl.%20Taiwan&volume=4&list=10769
• 台灣植物誌 第二版 Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?book=Fl.%20Taiwan%202nd%20edit.&volume=4&list=5342
• Plants of TAIWAN 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=539%20064%2008%200

• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam. is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-36124

• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9(3): 115 (1940).
• Lactuca tamagawaensis Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 90 (1903).；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41771693#page/126/mode/1up

• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；Kitam., A. P. G. 10: 24 (1941), p. p.
• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；Kitam., in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto ser. B, 23(1) [Comp. Jap. 5]: 108 (1956)
• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；Kitam., in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. ed. Engl.: 928 (1965)；
• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；H.Hara, ESJ 2: 219 (1952), p. p.；
• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；Pak & Kawano in Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. (ser. Biol.) 15: 35 (1992)；
• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；S.S.Whang et al. in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 43: 137, in textu (2002)

• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.；Kitam., in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. ed. Engl.: 928 (1965)；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95083#page/962/mode/1up

• Lactuca gracilis auct. non DC.；Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos. 40. 1917；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42574#page/58/mode/1up
• Lactuca gracilis auct. non DC.；Hayata, （Compositae Formosanæ） J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 18 (8)；40 1904；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31390#page/888/mode/1up
• Lactuca gracilis auct. non DC.；Matsum. & Hayata, （Enum. Pl. Form.） J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22:212 (1906)；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31485#page/222/mode/1up

• Lactuca gracilis DC. is a synonym of Ixeridium gracile (DC.) Pak & Kawano；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-135491

• Lactuca taitoensis Hayata；Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 76. fig. 31–2. 1919.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16162#page/90/mode/1up
  • Lactuca gracilis auct. non DC.；Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos. 40. 1917；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42574#page/58/mode/1up
• Ixeris chinensis Makino f. taitoensis (Hayata) Yamamoto；Yamamoto, J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 8: 352 1936

• Lactuca taitoensis Hayata is a synonym of Ixeris chinensis subsp. chinensis；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-75323
• Lactuca taitoensis Hayata；This name is a synonym of Ixeris chinensis subsp. chinensis；https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:228297-1

• Ixeris graminea auct. non Fisch.: Nakai, The Botanical magazine, Tokyo 36: 23. 1922. pro parte. (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 植物學雜誌)

• Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis var. taitoensis (Hayata) Kitag.　 タイトウタカサゴソウ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=43082

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai subsp. chinensis f. taitoensis (Hayata) Yamam.；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=45311

• Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitam.　 カワラニガナ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=1823

• FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 331, 334；6. Ixeris tamagawaensis (Makino) Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9: 115. 1940.；泽苦荬；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242413445

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• Lactuca gracilis DC.；Forbes & Hemsl. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23；482 (1888)；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8379#page/485/mode/1up

• Lactuca gracilis DC. is a synonym of Ixeridium gracile (DC.) Pak & Kawano；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-135491

• Lactuca gracilis DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7(1): 140 (1838).；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56685922#page/146/mode/1up
• Ixeridium gracile (DC.) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Biol. 15(1–2): 45 (1992): (1992).

• 《中国植物志》 第80(1)卷 (1997) >> 257页 PDF >> 细叶小苦荬 Ixeridium gracile；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Ixeridium%20gracile?t=z

Ixeris longirostra

• Ixeris longirostra Nakai is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-120971

• Ixeris longirostra Nakai；Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 152 (1920).；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41602847#page/186/mode/1up
• Lactuca longirostra Hayata；[Illegitimate]；Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 78. fig. 31-4 1919.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16162#page/92/mode/1up

Bonin

• Ixeris longirostra Nakai　 ツルワダン　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=15619

Ixeris microcephala

• Ixeris microcephala Nakai is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-11065

• Ixeris microcephala Nakai；Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 153 (1920).；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41602847#page/187/mode/1up
  • Lactuca sororia auct. non Miq.；Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 75. 1919.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16162#page/89/mode/1up
  • Lactuca sororia auct. non Miq.；Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 75. fig. 31-5 1919.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16162#page/89/mode/1up

• Lactuca sororia Miq. is a synonym of Paraprenanthes sororia (Miq.) C.Shih；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-30639

• Paraprenanthes sororia (Miq.) C.Shih　 ムラサキニガナ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=2410

Paraprenanthes pilipes (Migo) C.Shih；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=26609

Lactuca sororia Miq. var. pilipes (Migo) Kitam.；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=46978

Lactuca sororia Miq.；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=6418

山苦蕒

• 《中国植物志》 第80(1)卷 (1997) >> 177页 PDF >> 假福王草 Paraprenanthes sororia；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Paraprenanthes%20sororia?t=z