台灣菫菜屬物種註記

山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

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菫菜科　Violaceae

目錄

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菫菜屬　Viola

Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz；Mémoire sur la famille des Violacées
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二裂花柱亞屬　Viola subg. Dischidium

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短距堇菜組　Viola Sect. Brevicalcaratae

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雙黃花菫菜　Viola biflora

Viola tayemonii Hayata → Viola biflora L.
Viola kanoi Sasaki → Viola biflora L.
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美麗堇菜亞屬　Viola subg. Melanium

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野生堇菜　Viola arvensis



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堇菜亞屬　Viola subg. Viola

  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Ging., Mom. sur la Fam. Viol. 11. 1823
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Ging., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 291. 1824；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/154249#page/298/mode/1up
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；W. Beck. in Engler et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2, 21: 365. 1925；
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 1 (3): 239. 1949, nom. tant.；
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匍匐堇菜组 Sect. Serpentes

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喜岩菫菜　Viola adenothrix

喜岩菫菜　Viola adenothrix Hayata　→ 柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu

Viola brachycentra Hayata　→ Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
Viola thrichopoda Hayata
Viola trichopoda Hayata　→ Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
Viola taiwanensis W. Becker　→ 台灣菫菜　Viola formosana Hayata
Viola kasanensis auct. non Hayata
Viola royleana auct. non Wallich
Viola rupicola auct. non Elmer　→ unresolved
Viola effusa W. Becker　→ unresolved
Viola matsudai Hayata
Viola matsudae Hayata　→ Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
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雪山菫菜　Viola adenothrix var. tsugitakaensis

雪山菫菜　Viola adenothrix Hayata var. tsugitakaensis (Masam.) Wang & Huang 　→ 　柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu

Viola tsugitakaensis Masam. → 柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
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廣東菫菜　Viola kwangtungensis

  • Viola kwangtungensis Melch.；Sunyatsenia 1(203): 124–126, pl. 31 1933.／ Melch., Sunyatsenia : Journal of the Botanical Institute, College of Agriculture, Sun Yatsen University, Canton, China 1: 124. 1933. (Sunyatsenia, 國立中山大學農林植物硏究所季刊)


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合生托葉組　Viola Sect. Adnatae

無地上莖，也無匍匐枝。托葉1/2-2/3與葉柄合生。花柱基部微膝曲，柱頭頂部微凹，兩側具緣邊，前方具短喙。
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箭葉菫菜　Viola betonicifolia

箭葉菫菜　Viola betonicifolia Sm.

Viola caespitosa D. Don → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola patrinii auct. non DC.
Viola patrinii DC. var. chinesis auct. non Ging → Viola philippica Cav.
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短毛菫菜　Viola confusa

短毛菫菜　Viola confusa Champ. ex Benth.　　→ 　長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume

Viola japonica auct. non Langsdorf
Viola stenocentra Hayata ex Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola pseudojaponica Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola yedoensis Makino var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Hashim. ex E. Hama → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola philippica auct. non Cav.
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小菫菜　Viola inconspicua subsp. nagasakiensis

小菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) Wang & Huang → ???

Viola confusa subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maek. & Hashim. → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola mandshurica subsp. nagasakiensis W. Becker → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola minor (Makino) Makino → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola patrinii DC. var. minor Makino → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola taiwaniana Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
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紫花地丁　Viola mandshurica

Viola oblongo-sagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai f. ishizakii Yamamoto → ???
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai f. ishizakii Yamam. → Viola mandshurica W. Becker
Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. ciliata Nakai → Viola mandshurica W. Becker
Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. glabra Nakai → Viola mandshurica W. Becker
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琉球菫菜　Viola philippica var. pseudojaponica

Viola longistipulata Hayata → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
南投菫菜　Viola nantouensis S. S. Ying → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola pseudojaponica Nakai
Viola stenocentra Hayata ex Nakai
Viola taiwaniana Nakai
Viola yedoensis var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Hashim. ex E. Hama
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雙緣柱頭堇菜組　Viola Sect. Bilobatae

有或無地上莖或具上升的匍匐枝。托葉大形呈葉狀或小而近全緣，或具細齒裂，離生或僅基部與葉柄合生。花小；下方花瓣的距較短；花柱基部或多或少膝曲，柱頭頂部兩側有肥厚的片狀緣邊，前方具明顯的短喙；柱頭孔較粗。
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如意草　Viola arcuata

Viola verecunda auct. non A. Gray
Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai f. rasicans (Makino) Nakai → ???
Viola arcuata f. radicans (Makino) Nakai → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. hensoaensis Kudo & Sasaki → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. radicans Makino → Viola arcuata Blume
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蔓莖堇菜組　Viola Sect. Diffusae

無地上莖，有匍匐枝。匍匐枝具較長的節間，頂端簇生蓮座狀葉。托葉較狹，近膜質。花小；下方花瓣的距較短；柱頭頂部二淺裂或平坦，二裂片間的前方具短喙。
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茶匙黃　Viola diffusa

Viola diffusa Ging. var. glabella Boiss
Viola diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu → Viola diffusa Ging.
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台北菫菜　Viola nagasawae

Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh → Unresolved

Viola acutilabella Hayata → Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
Viola nagasawai Makino & Hayata var. acutilabella (Hayata) Nakai → unresolved name
Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh var. acutilabella (Hayata) Nakai → Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
台灣植物誌採用Viola nagasawai Makino & Hayata var. nagasawai ，The Plant List 接受的學名是Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata。
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普萊氏菫菜　Viola nagasawai var. pricei

Viola pricei W. Becker → Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh var. pricei (W. Becker) Wang & Huang → Unresolved
Viola nagasawai auct. non Makino & Hayata
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心葉茶匙黃　Viola tenuis

心葉茶匙黃　Viola tenuis Benth. → 茶匙黃　Viola diffusa Ging.

Viola diffusa subsp. tenuis (Benth.) W. Becker → 茶匙黃　Viola diffusa Ging.
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Viola Sect. Formosanae

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台灣菫菜　Viola formosana

Viola tozanensis Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata
Viola kawakamii Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola logistipulata Hayata
Viola longistipulata Hayata → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola hypoleuca Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata var. stenopetala Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola arisanensis W. Becker → unresolved
Viola takasagoensis Koidz. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola formosana Hayata var. tozanensis (Hayata) Hsieh
Viola formosana Hayata var. tozanensis (Hayata) C. F. Hsieh → Viola formosana Hayata
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川上氏菫菜　Viola formosana var. kawakamii

川上氏菫菜　Viola formosana Hayata var. stenopetala (Hayata) Wang, Huang & Hashim.

Viola formosana var. stenopetala (Hayata) J. C. Wang, T. C. Huang & T. Hashim. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata var. stenopetala Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola hypoleuca Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola matsudai Hayata
Viola matsudae Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola takasagoensis Koidz. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola formosana auct. non Hayata:
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斜柱頭堇菜組　Viola Sect. Plagiostigma

無地上莖。根狀莖細長且橫生，或短縮且垂直。托葉離生，通常膜質。柱頭頂部扁平、傾斜，呈釘帽狀，前方具短喙，喙端稍細，有較小的柱頭孔。
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尖山菫菜　Viola senzanensis


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鳥嘴柱頭組　Viola Sect. Trigonocarpae

花期有地上莖，稀無地上莖。柱頭前方的鉤狀喙較短，喙通常向上斜升，稀近直立，較花柱最寬部分的直徑為短，柱頭孔較粗。蒴果長圓形；果梗通常直立。
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雞腿菫菜 Viola acuminata

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新竹菫菜　Viola kosanensis

新竹菫菜　Viola shinchikuensis Yamamoto

Viola shinchikuensis Yamam. → Viola kosanensis Hayata
Viola nagamiana Hashimoto
Viola nagamiana T. Hashim. → Viola kosanensis Hayata
  • Viola Sect. Trigonocarpae
  1. Hashimoto, Tamotsu 1987 Trigonocarpae Violets of Taiwan Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden 6 1-7
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紫花菫菜　Viola grypoceras

Viola acuminata Ledcbour → Viola acuminata Ledeb.
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翠峰菫菜　Viola obtusa var. tsuifengensis




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须毛柱头堇菜亚属 Subgen. Chamaemelanium

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Violaceae Reference

  1. Ballard, H. E., J. De Paula-Sousz and G. A. Wahlert 2014 Violaceae Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 303-322
  2. Fernando, Edwino S., Marilyon O. Quimado, Augustine I. Doronila 2014 Rinorea niccolifera (Violaceae), a new, nickel-hyperaccumulating species from Luzon Island, Philippines PhytoKeys 37: 1–13
  3. Hekking, W. H. A. (1988). Violaceae. Part I: Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus. New York: Published for the Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden
  4. Jacobs, M. and D. M. Moore 1971 Violaceae Flora Malesiana ser. I vol. 7
  5. Lin, Hsin-Tzu 1950 Notes on the Genus Viola in Taiwan Taiwania 1: 269-283
  6. Makino, T. 1912 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 122) Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26 (305) 144-158
  7. Makino, T. 1912 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 158.) Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26 (306) 172-184
  8. Makino, T. 1913 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 127.) Bot. Mag (Tokyo) 27 (319): 150-154
  9. Marcussen, Thomas, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Jiří Danihelka, Harvey E. Ballard, Kim Blaxland, Anne K. Brysting and Bengt Oxelman 2012 Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae) Syst. Biol. 61 (1):107–126
  10. Peng, Ching-I and Yueh-Fong Chen 1985 Hybanthus Jacq. (Violaceae), a New Generic Record for the Flora of Taiwan Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 26 (2) 213-220
  1. 中井猛之進 1922 すみれ雜記 (其一) 植物学雑誌 36 423 52-61
  2. 中井猛之進 1922 すみれ雜記 (其二) 植物学雑誌 36 424 84-94
  3. 王庆瑞 1988 中国堇菜科小志 (一) 植物研究 8 (2): 17-24.
  4. 王庆瑞 1991 中国堇菜属植物新分类群 云南植物研究 13(3): 257-266
  5. 王庆瑞 1992 中国堇菜属植物分类群(续) 云南植物研究 14(4) 379-382
  6. 周勁松、邢福武 2007 中國堇菜屬美麗堇菜亞屬(堇菜科)植物分類學修訂 西北植物學報 27(5) 1017-1021
  7. 周劲松、龚琴、刑福武 2007 中国堇菜（堇菜科）两新异名 热带亚热带植物学报 15(4):366-368
  8. 周劲松、巫远坤、黎昌汉、邢福武 2007 广东堇菜属植物新记录 热带亚热带植物学报 15(5):455-456
  9. 周劲松，黎昌汉，邢福武 2008 中国堇菜属(堇菜科)一些种类的修订 广西植物 28 (5):572-573.
  10. 李连方、尹祖棠 2000 堇菜属植物花粉及叶表皮超微形态多样性的研究 中国农业大学学报 5(3) : 6-12
  11. 邢福武、秦新生 2004　中国植物志堇菜科 Violaceae拾遗 华南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 25(1) 120-121
  12. 邢福武、黎昌汉 2004 堇菜属 (堇菜科)植物新资料 热带亚热带植物学报 12(5):475-476
  13. 孙雪芹，刘玫，孙天航，张欣欣，史传奇 2014 东北堇菜属植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学价值的探讨 草业学报 23 (2): 223-234
  14. 陳又生　2006 中国堇菜属的分类修订 中國科學院研究生院（植物研究所）
  15. 梁冠欣，邢福武 2010 堇菜属组间的系统发育与亲缘关系 : 基于trn L-trn F、psbA-trnH、 rpL16、ITS序列, 细胞学以及形态学证据 云南植物研究 32(6): 477-488
  16. 黄素华 2003 云南堇菜属新种 云南植物研究 25(4): 431-434
  17. 潘雅书，邢福武 2012 长萼堇菜多倍体复合体种群的分布格局研究 植物科学学报 30(2) 147-152
  18. 龚琴、周劲松、张永夏、梁冠欣、陈红锋、邢福武 2010 国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究 热带亚热带植物学报 18(6):633-642
  19. 藤原 正人 and 笠原 恵 スミレ属の葉緑体 DNA を用いた分子系統解析に関する研究
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Viola Reference

  1. Asheesh, Kandpal, Chaubey Suresh, Pandey Meenakshi 2017 A brief knowledge of Banafsha (Viola odorata L.) & pther Viola species IJAPR 5 (4): 73-78
  1. Becker, Wilhelm 1928 New Chinese Species of Viola Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 6: 247-252
  1. Chatterjee, Amiyangshu and Arun Kumar Sharma 1972 Cytological studies on Indian representatives of the genus Viola Journal of Genetics 61 (01): 52–63
  2. Chen, You-Sheng and Qin-Er Yang 2008 A new species of Viola (Violaceae) from southern China Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4):755-761
  3. Chen, You-Sheng and Qin-Er Yang 2009 Two new stoloniferous species of Viola (Violaceae) from China Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (2):349-356
  1. Dani, Ram S and Krishna K Shrestha 2004 Two new records of Viola L. (Violaceae) for Nepal Him J Sci 2 (3): 48-50
  1. Espeut, Marc 2020 Revision of the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) in the Russian Far East with notes on adjacent territories Botanica Pacifica 9 (1): 3–52
  1. Freitas leandro and Marlies Sazima 2003 Floral Biology and Pollination Mechanisms in Two Viola Species—From Nectar to Pollen Flowers? Ann Bot 91(3): 311-317
  1. Hama, Eisuke and Cunio Nackejima 1976 Notes on the violets of Japan J. Jap. Bot 51: 339-344
  2. Hashimoto, Tamotsu 1987 Trigonocarpae Violets of Taiwan Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden 6 1-7
  3. Huang, Su-Hua 2003 New Species of Viola from Yunnan Acta Botanica Yunnanica 25(4) 431-434
  1. Lu, Chang-Tse, Yu-Long Hung, Chih-Hsiung Chen 2019 Viola kwangtungensis Melch. (Violaceae): a new record Viola in Taiwan Taiwan J For Sci 34 (2):135-42
  1. Masood, Maria, Muhammad Arshad, Saira Asif and Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari 2014 Viola canescens: Herbal Wealth to Be Conserved Journal of Botany 6 P.
  1. Nakai, T. 1928 Violæ ad Floram Japonicam Novæ Bot. Mag. Tokyo 42 556-566
  2. Nakamura, Koh, Tetsuo Denda, Goro Kokubugata, Chiun-Jr Huang, Ching-I Peng and Masatsugu Yokota 2015 Phylogeny and biogeography of the Viola iwagawae-tashiroi species complex (Violaceae, section Plagiostigma) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Plant Systematics and Evolution 301: 337–351
  3. Ning, Zu-Lin, Zhen-Xin Zeng, Ling Chen, Bing-Qiang Xu and Jing-Ping Liao 2012 Viola jinggangshanensis (Violaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China Annales Botanici Fennici 49 (5/6) 383-386
  1. Shrestha, K. K., K. N. Paudyalz and D. K. Ferguson 2005 Pollen Morphology of Himalayan Viola (Violaceae) Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 6 73-79
  1. Thomson, George M. 1878 Notes on Cleistogamic Flowers of the Genus Viola Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 11: 415-417
  1. Valentine, D. H. 1962 Variation and evolution in the genus Viola Preslia 34: 190-206
  1. Wang, Jenn-Che, Tseng-Chieng Huang 1990 Notes on the Flora of Taiwan (9) --- The Viola L. (Violaceae) Taiwania 35(1) 12-56
  1. Zhou, Jin-Song and Fu-Wu Xing 2007 Viola changii sp. nov. (Violaceae) from Guangdong, southern China Nordic Journal of Botany 25: 303-305
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Part A

  1. 王庆瑞 1991 中国堇菜属植物新分类群 云南植物研究 13(3): 257-266
  2. 王庆瑞 1992 中国堇菜属植物分类群(续) 云南植物研究 14(4) 379-382
  3. 周勁松、邢福武 2007 中國堇菜屬美麗堇菜亞屬(堇菜科)植物分類學修訂 西北植物學報 27(5) 1017-1021
  4. 周劲松、巫远坤、黎昌汉、邢福武 2007 广东堇菜属植物新记录 热带亚热带植物学报 15(5):455-456
  5. 周劲松，黎昌汉，邢福武 2008 中国堇菜属(堇菜科)一些种类的修订 广西植物 28 (5):572-573.
  6. 李连方、尹祖棠 2000 堇菜属植物花粉及叶表皮超微形态多样性的研究 中国农业大学学报 5(3) : 6-12
  7. 邢福武、黎昌汉 2004 堇菜属 (堇菜科)植物新资料 热带亚热带植物学报 12(5):475-476
  8. 孙雪芹，刘玫，孙天航，张欣欣，史传奇 2014 东北堇菜属植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学价值的探讨 草业学报 23 (2): 223-234
  9. 陳又生　2006 中国堇菜属的分类修订 中國科學院研究生院（植物研究所）
  10. 梁冠欣，邢福武 2010 堇菜属组间的系统发育与亲缘关系 : 基于trn L-trn F、psbA-trnH、 rpL16、ITS序列, 细胞学以及形态学证据 云南植物研究 32(6): 477-488
  11. 黄素华 2003 云南堇菜属新种 云南植物研究 25(4): 431-434
  12. 潘雅书，邢福武 2012 长萼堇菜多倍体复合体种群的分布格局研究 植物科学学报 30(2) 147-152
  13. 龚琴、周劲松、张永夏、梁冠欣、陈红锋、邢福武 2010 国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究 热带亚热带植物学报 18(6):633-642
  14. 藤原 正人 and 笠原 恵 スミレ属の葉緑体 DNA を用いた分子系統解析に関する研究
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