| A glabrous, scandent vine from annual tuber; underground tubers depressed-ovoid or pyriform, 4-20 cm in diameter; epidermis dark-red or brown, warty; flesh light yellow-green, slightly poisonous, edible after boiled; aerial stem annual, sinistrose, terete, 2-6 mm thick, herbaceous, green or dark-purple, ridged; aerial tubers, axillary, globose or ovoid, 1-4 cm in diameter, brown, gray-brown or dark-red, warty. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, oblate-cordate or ovate-triangular, 8-15(19) cm long, 5-10(21.5) cm wide, acuminate or short-caudate at apex, entire and undulate at margin, cordate or auriculate at base, nerves 7-11, green or purple, prominent on both surfaces, veinlets concave at upper surface, convex at lower surface; petioles 3-8 cm long, 1-3 mm thick, twisted and dilated at base, green or purple, sulcate above, with 2 thin-wings along edge of sulcate and extending to auricled-clasping on stem.
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| Staminate inflorescence axillary, spicate, 1-5 together, pendulous, fasciculate or compound to paniculiform, up to 20 cm in long; spikes with 30-50 flowers, 5-10(15) cm long; rachis greenish, rigid. Male flowers alternate on rachis, campaniform, 1.8-2.8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous, 2- bracted; outer bract orbicular, 1.5-2.6 mm long, ca. 1-1.2 mm wide, acuminate at apex; inner bract ovate, 0.7-0.9 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, acuminate at apex, round and obtuse at base, yellow-green; perianth-segments 6, yellow-green, purple at apex; outer 3 perianth-segments oblong or narrowly ovate, 1.7-2 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide; inner 3 perianth-segments thick, oblong, ca. 1.7 mm long, ca. 0.5 wide, obtuse at apex, round at base; stamens 6, subequal, insert on base of perianth-segments, filaments terete, ca. 0.4 mm long, ca. 0.12 mm wide, anthers elliptic, ca. 0.3 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillodium rudimentary; stigmatiforms 3, conicus, ca. 0.3 mm tall. Pistillate inflorescence spicate, axillary, pendulous, 1-3 fasciculate, sometimes compound to paniculiform; spikes with up to 30 flowers, 10-20 cm long; rachis greenish, rigid, with 3 longitudinal ridges. Female flowers , ca. 5 mm long, ca, 1.2 mm wide, green, glabrous, 2-bracted; outer bract ovate, ca. 2.8 mm long, ca. 1.6 mm wide, acuminate at apex; inner bract lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, round at base, acuminate at apex; perianth-segments 6, yellow-green or purple at apex, subequal, oblong or narrowly ovate, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, obtuse at apex; staminodia 6, insert on base of perianth-segments, stick-like, ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.12 mm thick, 2-lobed at apex; ovary inferior, trigonous, 3-celled; ovules 2 on each cell; stigmas 3, ca. 0.4 mm tall, 2-cleft at apex. Fruit capsulate, tripterous, oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, round at apex and base, green in mature, brown in dry, with short-lined brown spots, dehiscent at apex; stipe 2 mm long, reflexed after pollinated; perianth-segments and stigmas persistent. Seeds 2 in each cell, flattened, slightly triangular, ca. 0.4 mm long, dark-brown, with membranous wing on terminal and elonggated to base of fruit; wing oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, obtuse at apex.
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| SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Arukoron-sogen (Palau), T. Beselawa 7052 (TAI). Taipei City: cult. in TFRI, T. C. Huang 1800, 1805 (TAI); Tat’unshan, S. Sasaki s.n. in 1928 (TAI 30801 ); Yanmingshan to Hsinpeitou , M. T. Kao s.n. in 1953 (TAI 30792). Taipei Hsien: Chuchih (Kuttushyaku), B. Hayata et al. s.n. in 1912 (TAI 6214, 6241); Leikungpo to Shinting, C. S. Kouh 2107 (TAI); Tsaolinkudow, H. W. Lin 209 (HAST); Chinshan (Kizan, Taihoku), G. Masamune & S. Suzuki s.n. in 1932 (TAI 30835); Pinlin-Pihu, W. F. Ho 646 (TAI); Pitanshan, H. Simizu 2254 (TAI); Sinko (Taihoku), S, Sasaki s.n. in 1922 (TAI 30812, 30834); Shihting, S. Sasaki s.n. in 1933 (TAI 30803), T. C. Lin & S. C. Shen s.n. in 1933 (TAI 30807); Wantan, H. Simizu 2931 (TAI); Wulai, Y. Yamamoto s.n. in 1944 (TAI). Hsinchu: Hotpo-syoi, Sintikwsyu, H. Simizu s.n. in 1934 (TAI 30796); T’saoshan, Y. Shimada s.n. in 1917 (TAI); Nalo (Chienshih Hsiang), Y. C. Liu s.n. in 1994 (TFRI 75548). Nantou Hsien: Pashepu, T. Kawakami & U. Mori s.n. in 1906 (TFRI 6240, 6241); Chaochingshan (Chushan), J. C. Lin 1,2 (TFRI). Kaohsiung Hsien: Liuchiuhsu (Insula Liukiusyo); Paoshan (Chushinron), Y. Yamamoto et al. 773 (TAI 30798, 30799); Kangshan, Y. Simada 5993 (TAI). Kaohsiung City: Takao, T. Soma s.n. in 1915 (TAI 30811); E. Matuda s.n. in 1916 (TFRI 6218), E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TAI 30809); Shoushan, C. L. Yeh s.n. in 1985 (PPI24045). Pingtung Hsien: Chiate (Mutan Hsiang), T. Y. Liu et al. 1093; Chichia logging road (Chunjih Hsiang), T. Y. Liu et al. 711, 712 (HAST); Haoch’a (Wutai Hsiang), T. Y. Liu 754 (TFRI); Kangk’ou, T. Soma s.n. in 1915 (TFRI 6247); Kenting, J. C. Chang s.n. in 1976 (PPI 8948,8949), Chang, Yeh & Chune s.n. in 1984 (PPI 23227), Ou & Kao 9094 (TAI); Kenting (Koetei et Higasikaigan), A. T. Hsieh s.n. in 1955 (TAI 30804); Kenting (Kurarn), E. Matuda s.n. in 1916 (TAI 30808); Kuanshan, Y. L. Chung 1105 (PPI); Likang, E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TFRI 6217, TAI 30802); Lilits’un, S. Z. Yang 27051 (PPI); Lilungshan, S. Z. Yang 23572 (PPI); Manchu -Nanjenshan, S, M. Chaw 820 (HAST); Mutanshe (Botansya), E. Matuda 531 (TAI); Mutanwan, E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TFRI 6216); Nanjenshan, Ou & Kao 9096 (TAI); Pingtungshih, S. H. Shih 179 (PPI); Santiman -Wutai, S. Z. Yang 23791, 23792(HAST) 23844 (PPI); Tachienshihshan (Kenting), T. C. Huang & S. F. Hsu 13765; Tamei (Mutan Hsiang), C. L. Yeh 857, 860 (PPI); Tatung farm (Changtzu Hsiang), S. Z. Yang 25112 (PPI); Tewen (Tokubun -Santimon), E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TAI 30795); Paoli, C. E. Chang s.n. in 1961 (PPI 1149); Wanan, C. L. Yeh 721 (PPI); Wanchin (Bankinsing), A. Henry 1673; Wutai, Y. T. Chen s.n. in 1990 (PPI 41203). Taitung Hsien: Tunghsing (Peinan Hsiang), C. M. Wang et al. 1587 (HAST). Lanyu: S. Sasaki s.n. in 1912 (TFRI 6219, TAI 30789), in 1926 (TAI 30805, 30888, 30889, 30890, 30891), in 1933 (TAI 30797), in 1934 (TAI 148251); T. Kawakami & S. Sasaki s.n. in 1912 (TAI 30790) Ilan Hsien: Chiachi, T. C. Huang & S. F. Hsu 13117 (TAI). Ilan Hsien: Chilanshan, D. Zsolt et al. 49251, 49376 (TFRI).
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