楊桐葉灰木
山羊百科,林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
- Symplocos congesta Benth. var. congesta
- Symplocos adinandrifolia Hay. var. adinandrifolia
- Bobua adinandrifolia (Hay.) Kanehira & Sasaki, List Pl. Form. 330(1928).
- Symplocos nakii Hay., Icon. Pl. Form. 5:110(1915); Kanehira, Form. Trees 358(1917).-Type:S. Nakai 19(TI!, TAIF! 圖版80B), Shinsuiyei, Taiwan
- Bobua nakaii (Hay.) Kanehira & Sasaki, List Pl. Form. 331(1928).
- Symplocos phaeophylla Hay., Icon. Pl. Form. 5:111 f.34(1915); Kanehira, Form. Trees 359(1917). & rev. ed. 598(1936); Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 2nd. ed. 922(1931). - Type:R. Kanehira s. n. (TI! 圖版80C), Lacation not indicate, Taiwan.
- Bobua phaeophylla (Hay.) Kanehira & Sasaki, List Pl. Form. 332(1928).
- Symplocos hayatae Mori in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 24:193(1934). & in Sylvia 4:230(1934), non Guill., 1932.
- Symplocos kudoi Mori in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 24:193(1934). & in Sylvia 4:236(1934). Kanehira, Form. Trees, rev. ed. 594(1936). - Type: Y. Kudo et S. Sasaki, 15682 (non vidi), Nantou, Taiwan.
- Bobua taiwaniana Hatusima in J. Jap. Bot. 13:680(1937).
- Symplocos prunifolia auct. non Sieb. & Zucc.: Hay. in Jorn. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30(1):188 (1911). (Mat. Fl. Form.).
- Symplocos congesta auct. non Benth. : Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 747(1963); Ying in Bull. Exp. For. NTU 116:556(1975); Wu in Reip. Popul. Sin. 60(2):69(1987); Liu et al., Trees of Taiwan rev. ed. 257(1994); Wu & Nooteboom in Fl. China 15:251(1996); Nagamasu in Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed. 4:108(1998).
- Symplocos glomerata King ex Clarke subsp. congesta (Benth.) Noot. var. congesta Noot. Leid. Bot. Ser. 1:202(1975); in Li et al. Fl. Taiwan 4:121 (1978); Liu et al., Trees of Taiwan 279(1988).
常綠喬木;幹皮黑褐色,光滑;小枝褐色,圓柱狀;幼嫩小枝被粗毛,隨後光滑;頂芽卵圓形至卵形,頂端漸尖,被粗毛,長2-4mm,寬1-2mm。
單葉、互生,葉革質,乾燥時呈褐色,全緣;葉緣反捲,幼嫩葉密生紅褐色長毛,成熟時光滑,葉形兩側對稱,葉長6-12cm,平均9.5cm,葉寬2-4cm,平均2.8cm,葉身長寬比約3.4,葉身披針形、橢圓形、長橢圓狀倒卵形,葉頂端漸尖、尾狀漸尖或銳形,葉尖兩側葉緣明顯下凹,到葉端漸尖,葉基部急尖,呈楔形,葉緣幾乎筆直;羽狀脈,2次脈不達緣,為弓形脈,2次脈相連,形成一系列明顯突起的圓弧,中肋基部寬度與葉寬度之比值為3.5,中肋筆直,在葉表面略凹陷,在葉裡面隆起,無明顯彎曲,不分支,2次脈的對數5-7對,平均為7對,與中肋所夾的角度為30º-45º,最底端的2次脈和中肋相交角度比上端都尖,2次脈粗細度中等,2次脈彎曲成弧狀,其弧線之彎曲度局部急遽增加,有環形分支的情況,以直角與上端相鄰2次脈相連,間2次脈脈長50%以上由聚合3次脈的片斷組成,3次脈與2次脈的夾角為RR, RA,3次脈和對面3次脈相連,脈型為彎曲,彎曲方向反覆變化,與中肋呈鈍角走向,很少與中肋成銳角,葉緣末次脈的主要部份下彎成環形,分支,一回,略突起,4次脈不規則或直交網狀,為最高次脈,游離小脈2至3回分支,網眼發育不完整,形狀不規則,大小變化大,網眼之排列無特定的方向;葉背氣孔密度平均220個/mm2,氣孔大小平均長20μm,寬15.6μm,長寬比為1.28。葉柄長4-8mm,光滑,幼嫩時被粗毛。
花序為密繖花序,著花數少,密生在葉腋或小枝上,無柄;花序軸密生紅褐色毛茸。苞片圓形,長2.5mm,外表面被短粗毛,裡面光滑,頂端鈍形;小苞片菱形至圓形,長2mm,寬1.5-1.8mm,頂端鈍形;花萼光滑,長4-5mm,倒圓錐形至鐘形,花萼5淺裂,覆瓦狀排列,花萼裂片三角形,長1.5-3.5mm,頂端圓形;花冠白色或紫色,倒圓錐形至鐘形,長6-8mm,近基部被少許密生毛茸,5-10淺裂,裂片長橢圓形或卵形至長橢圓形,頂端鈍形;雄蕊30-60枚,子房光滑或被密生短柔毛,下位,高0.5-1mm,3室,每室具4胚珠;花柱光滑,長5-8mm;花盤環狀或略平坦,光滑。
果褐色,圓筒狀,長9-14cm,寬3-4mm;宿存花萼裂片形成喙狀構造;中果皮壁薄,內果皮具10縱溝,種子 1,直線形,具直線形胚。
花粉粒為3孔粒,極軸長22.1-25.1μm,平均長度為23.7μm,赤道軸長29.0-32.8μm,平均為30.9μm,表面雕紋為不規則疣狀。
心邊材區別不明顯,木材黃白色,氣乾比重0.58,生長輪不明顯。導管單生或2~3個複合,平均直徑36.47μm,平均密度90個/mm2,穿孔板階梯狀,16-25階,管壁紋孔對生,具螺旋狀增厚。木質線異型,寬1-3列,單列木質線平均高度為700μm,多列木質線平均高度1,200μm,最大寬度82μm,多列木質線之單列部分每端4-15個細胞高,多列部分為3-17個細胞高。交叉區橫臥細胞紋孔2列,交叉區方形細胞紋孔2-5列;切線狀薄壁組織不明顯,不具圍管薄壁組織。
花期:9-10月 果期:12-5月
生育地:亞熱帶常綠森林。
分布:臺灣,固有。 Pingtung: Nanrenshi 300m alt., C. M. Wang & C. C. Wang 1232 (TNM), S. K. Chung 445 (PPI), C. C. Wang et al. TCF 12708(NCUF), C. M. Wang 1232 & C. C. Wang (HAST); Nanjenshi-Luliaoshi, alt. 200-300m, J. C. Wang & Y. C. Lu 5559(NTNU); Tahanlindaw, C. H. Ou et al. s. n. July. 15. 1984 (TNM), Peitawushan to Kuaiku mountain lodge 1,500-2,100m, J. C. Wang et al. 9099 (TNM), J. C. Wang, Y. W. Sang, Y. C. Lu. C. H. Chen 9099(NTNU); Wanliteshan, S. P. Li 298 (TNM); Nanjenhu, S. M. Liu 264(TNM); Hsuhai to Shouka, S. M. Liu 115 (TNM), C. C. Wang 96 (NCUF); Chinshuiying 1,200m, C. M. Wang 659 (TNM), S. Sasaki, TAIF 19648 (TAIF), C. C. Kuo 2899, 2885 (NTUF), J. C. Wang, M. J. Deng, J. J. Yang, S. L. Chen 7377 (NTNU); Kaoshih, H. Matuidai s. n. July. 11. 1919(NTUF); Kuaiku, T. namba, M. Mizuno, A. Kata, I. Okuno, M. Kubbo, K. Yoneda. T. Tani 720 (TI). Taitung: Tajen, C. M. Wang & H. M. Lin 1424 (TNM); Tawu, Hsu & Chung 1226(TAI); Mt. Kuwalun, H. Simizu 3831 (TAI); Shouka, 300-350m, S. Z. Yang 27271(PPI); Hsuhai to Shouka, 380m, S. M. Liu 115 with W. P. Len, W. H. Hu, H. F. Yen & C. P. Lu HAST 58060 (HAST); Tahanlindaw 1,300m, W. P. Leu 626 with H. F. Yen, J. H. Chen & W. C. Yen HAST 15713 (HAST); Chinshuiying, S. Z. Yang 22458, 22684, 23766 (HAST), J. C. Wang 7377(HAST), M. J. Deng, J. J. Yang & S. L. Chen HAST 22784 (HAST); Tawu, Kao et Chung 1123 (HAST); Kaohsiung: San-Ping T. C. Huang 537 (TAI), J. C. Wang et al. 9618, 9634 (TAIF,NTNU), H. T. Huang, Y. C. Liu & Y. C. Chen HAST 54454 (HAST), J. C. Wang et al. 6543 (HAST,NTNU); Tengchih, S. Z. Yang 7180, 6076, 6047, 6048 (PPI), J. C. Wang et al.10330,10439(NTNU).
1. Symplocos adinandrifolia Hay., Icon. Pl. Form. 5:93, f.23(1915); Kanehira, Form. Trees 350(1917). & rev. ed. 579, f.537(1936); Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 2nd. ed. 917(1931); Mori, in. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 24:198(1934); Mori in Sylvia 5:10(1934); Wang & Ou in Q. J. For. Res. 21(1):41(1999). - Type: U. Mori s. n. (TI! 圖版80A), in montain central, Taiwan.
變種間之檢索表
1. 葉披針形,頂端漸尖具小突起,全緣,側脈在邊緣結合。花冠長於6mm…………………………………………….….var. adaindrifolia 楊桐葉灰木
1. 葉橢圓形,頂端不具小突起,腺狀鋸齒緣,側脈達葉緣鋸齒。花冠短於6mm.………………………………………………….…var. theifolia 山茶葉灰木