討論:台灣灰木

山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

9. Symplocos formosana Brand, Pflanzenr R. Heft 6: 67. 1901; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 740. 1963. 臺灣灰木

Evergreen shrubs or small trees; bark dark brown, smooth. Twigs dark brown, terete; young twigs grayish brown to ferrugineous, short pilose to villose. Terminal buds ovoid, with a few scales, appressed hairy, the apex acuminate and slightly curved. Leaves: blades coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, 2-7 cm long, (0.7-)1-2 cm wide; apex acute, acuminate or caudate with apiculate tip; base cuneate to short attenuate; margin more or less recurved, crenate to glandular dentate with teeth 2-5(-6) mm apart; upper surface shining, glabrous except the pilose midrib; lower surface dull, sparsely appressed hairy; midrib slightly prominent or sulcate on upper surface, prominent beneath; nerves (4-)5-7 pairs, slightly prominent beneath; petioles appressed hairy, (1-)2-3(-4) mm long. Inflorescence axillary, a simple spike or a short-pedicelled raceme, (5-)10-20(-28)-flowered, 1-3(-4.5) cm long, the axis grayish brown, villose; pedicels up to 1 mm long; bracts ovate to widely ovate, keeled, 0.7-1 mm long, apex acute or obtuse; bracteoles 2, ovate to widely ovate, 0.7-1 mm long; both persistent, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed hairy. Flowers: calyx tube glabrous or rarely sparsely appressed hairy, 0.5-1 mm high; calyx limb ca. 1 mm long; calyx lobes imbricate, orbicular to widely ovate, apex obtuse, 0.5-1 mm long, outside glabrous or sparsely appressed hairy; corolla deeply 5-lobed, white, often tinged red-violet at apex of lobes, 3-4 mm long, lobes elliptic; stamens 18-35, pentadelphous; disk 5-glandular, pilose; style glabrous, swollen at base, 2.5-3.5(-4) mm long; ovary 3-locular, with 4 ovules in each locule. Fruits black, ovoid, 3-4.5 mm by ca. 3 mm, persistent calyx lobes forming a blunt beak; stone ovoid, smooth, 3 mm by 2.5 mm; mesocarp and endocarp thin; seed 1, curved, with curved embryo.

Distributed in the Ryukyus, Taiwan and S. China; in Taiwan 700-2,000 m altitude.

ILAN: Taipingshan, Suzuki s. n., 3819, 12338; Nanhutashan, Suzuki et al. SH17698, Masamune & Mori s. n.; Chuifeng, Kao K3134; Shenmihu Nat. Res., Liao 1763. HSINCHU: Chilanshan, Chen 152; Nanhutashan, Yamazaki et al. 529. NANTOU: Musha-Santinozyo, Masamune et al. 2349. CHIAYI: Suisharyo-Hunkiko, Hayata s. n. (Type of S. suishariensis Hayata); Tienyunshan, Peng 8814. KAOHSIUNG: Tona, Huang 10249; Nanfenshau, Chang 10014; Sanping, Huang 478, 530. HUALIEN: Chungyangchienshan, Fukuyama & Suzuki ST16315; Hopin, Kuo 8198; Kueilin-Chilaishan, Huang s. n.; Jusui forest Rd., Wang 678.

I treated S. microcalyx Hayata as an endemic species to the Ryukyus in 1993, but I cannot find significant differences between S. microcalyx and the plants in Taiwan and S. China which bloom in spring having small bracts.

• アマシバ　Symplocos microcalyx Hayata

高さ２～４ｍの常緑低木。幹は直立する。葉はうすい革質の卵状披針形で、先は尖る。表面は艶がある。花は白色で５深裂する。花は大きさ1ｃｍに満たず、花序もごく短い。木の上に雪を散らしたようで、新緑の中に純白の花が目立つ。

低木～小高木。幹は直立する。小枝は暗褐色、葉は長さ2～４．５cm、薄い革質の卵状被針形で先は尖る。表面には艶がある。花は白色で1cmに満たない。4月頃開花。実は卵状で長さ４mm程度。

• シロバイ　Symplocos lancifolia

常緑。薄い革質で卵形～長楕円形を成し、葉先は尾状になりやすい。有毛の短い柄があり互生する。小型の葉を除けば、葉の側縁は大きく波打つことが多く、およそ全周に低い鋸歯をそなえる。表裏ともに光沢があり、葉表は濃緑色を呈すことが多いが、日当たりの良い乾燥地等に生育するものでは黄緑色を呈すこともある。

　子葉は線形で無毛。稚樹の本葉には鋭い鋸歯がある。また、表裏主脈上から葉の側縁まで各部に短毛をそなえており、特に主脈上と葉の側縁部にて密。 　成木では表裏の主脈上と葉柄にのみ微細な短毛がみられるようになる。ただし、徒長枝につく葉では、その他の部位にも肉眼的な短毛が現れることがある（奈良県下での観察）。 2. Symplocos arisanensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo (Mat. Fl. Formosa) 30(1): 187. 1911. 阿里山灰木

Evergreen small trees; twigs dark brown, terete; young twigs brown with appressed or patent brown hairs. Terminal buds ovoid to subulate, with the same indument as young twigs, the apex acuminate and usually curved. Leaves: blades coriaceous, narrowly (often obliquely) rhomboidal, oblong or lanceolate, 5-10 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, apex acuminate to long caudate with apiculate tip, base often subequal, cuneate, rounded or obtuse, sometimes slightly cordate, margin slightly recurved, crenate-serrate with teeth (1-)2-4(-6) mm apart; upper surface shining, glabrous except midrib or rarely sparsely setose; lower surface dull or glossy, sparsely appressed hairy or setose; midrib sulcate of slightly prominent at the base above, prominent and appressed hairy or setose beneath; nerves 6-10 pairs, slightly prominent beneath; petioles with appressed or obliquely patent hairs, 1-3(-4) mm long. Inflorescence axillary, a simple spike or a shortly pedicelled raceme, 4 to 20-flowered, 1-5 cm long, the axis villose with same indumentum as young twigs; pedicel to 1(-2) mm long; bracts semi-orbicular to ovate, keeled, 1.5-2.5 mm long, apex obtuse or acute; bracteoles 2, ovate to triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, both persistent, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed hairy. Flowers: calyx tube glabrous, 1-1.5 mm high; calyx limb, 1-1.5 mm long; calyx lobes imbricate, ovate , 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or abaxially appressed hairy, apex obtuse; corolla deeply 5-lobed, white, the lobe elliptic, ca. 4 mm long; stamens ca. 25; disk 5-glandular, pilose or rarely glabrous; style glabrous, swollen at base, 4-6 mm long; ovary 3-locular. Fruits obliquely ovoid to globose, crowned by persistent calyx lobes, 5-7 mm long excluding calyx limb, 4-5 mm in diameter. Distributed in Taiwan and S. China; in Taiwan 1,500-2,100 m altitude. TAIPEI: in laurilignosis inter Sansho et Suigen, Suzuki 8622; Lupei, Hsieh 673; Bunzan, Suzuki ST17910. ILAN: Taipingshan, Feung & Kao 5066, Sasaki s. n., Suzuki 3817; Nanhutashan, Kuo 5109, Yamazaki et al. 402; Chilanshan, Kuo 8177; Yuangyanghu, Leu 2023. TAOYUAN: Pallin to Tamanshan, Yang 1267, 1270; Lalashan, Peng 14641. HSINCHU: Yuenyanhu, Kuo 8473. MIAOLI: Tongshiishuishan, Wu & Cheng 1298. TAICHUNG: Anmashan, Liu et al. 418; Wuling Farm, Yang et al. 6124. NANTOU: Sanlinchi, Huang & Tsou 9989; Chiti, Chen 4317; Hsitou, Liu et al. s. n.; Honghuangshan, Liu et al. 637. CHIAYI: Alishan, Sasaki s. n., Hayata s. n., Faurie 1456, 1748, Nimandaira, Hashioka s. n. KAOHSIUNG: Chuyunshan, Ou et al. s. n. HUALIEN: Mukua-shan, Nakamura 4631; Chinshui-shan, Nakamura 3347; Fong shan branch, Taroko Forest, Liu et al. 60; Chungyangchienshan, Fukuyama & Suzuki ST16131; Mt. Daroko, Keng & KaoK2718. The plants in S. China have more dense indument sometimes with patent hairs as in S. trichoclada Hayata.

球果山矾组 Sect. Bobua (DC.) Brand

光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia Sieb. et Zucc.

小乔木；芽、嫩枝、嫩叶背面脉上、花序均被黄褐色柔毛，小枝细长，黑褐色，无毛。叶纸质或近膜质，干后有时呈红褐色，卵形至阔披针形，长3-6（9）厘米，宽1.5-2.5（3.5） 厘米，先端尾状渐尖，基部阔楔形或稍圆，边缘具稀疏的浅钝锯齿；中脉在叶面平坦，侧脉纤细，每边6-9条；叶柄长约5毫米。穗状花序长1-4厘米；苞片椭圆状卵形，长约2毫米，小苞片三角状阔卵形，长1.5毫米，宽2毫米，背面均被短柔毛，有缘毛；花萼长1.6-2毫米，5裂，裂片卵形，顶端圆，背面被微柔毛，与萼筒等长或稍长于萼筒，萼筒无毛；花冠淡黄色，5深裂几达基部，裂片椭圆形，长2.5-4毫米；雄蕊约25枚，花丝基部稍合生；子房3室，花盘无毛。核果近球形，直径约4毫米，顶端宿萼裂片直立。花期3-11月，果期6-12月；边开花边结果。

产浙江、台湾、福建、广东（海南）、广西、江西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1200米以下的林中。日本也有分布。 叶可作茶；根药用，治跌打。

H. P. Nooteboom（见文献引证）将H. Migo应用McClure 13164号花标本建立的Bobua austrosinensis Migo归并于Symplocos sumuntia Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don,但后者的叶卵形或狭倒卵形，边近全缘，干后不呈红褐色等特征与 H. Migo 应用的模式标本显然不同。作者看见了H. Migo应用的模式标本，叶千后呈红褐色，边缘具锯齿；花萼裂片卵形，顶端圆，背面被微柔毛，与萼筒等长等特征与本种相同，应属于本种无疑。