討論:紅毛杜鵑
山羊百科,林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
- 第一版
16. Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata 紅毛杜鵑
A shrub, 2/3-1 1/3 m high; branches often ascending, the young branches slender, with dense appressed gray to brown strigose hairs. Leaves mostly crowded at tips of branches, chartaceous, polymorphic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate, 1-4 cm long, 0.5-1.7 cm broad, the apex acute, often mucronulate at tip, the base acute, the margins entire, slightly recurved, the upper surface dark green, scabrid or with gray or brown strigose hairs especially along the costa and veins, the secondary veins 5-6 per side, subconspicuous; petioles about 1 cm long, appressed-strigose. Corolla pink, spotted with rose, wide-funnelform, 2.5- 3 cm across, the lobes spreading; stamens 9-10, unequal, the filaments villous on the lower half; ovary and basal part of style grayish pubescent. Capsules ovoid-conical, 8-10 mm long, about 3-4 mm across, densely brown-strigose, the style persistent.
Endemic. Common on sunny mountain slopes of the central range, at 1,000-3,300 m.
ILAN: Nanhutashan, Sasaki s. n. in 1922. NANTOU: Luantashan, Kawakami & Mori s. n. in 1908. CENTRAL RANGES: Mori s. n. in 1909 (Type of R. caryophyllum Hayata). CHIAYI: Mt. Alishan, Price 97; Mt. Yushan, Nakahara s. n. in 1906. TAINAN: Suzuki 19359.
- 第二版
Rhododendron taiwanalpinum Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 13: 339.1937.
12a. Var. rubropilosum 紅毛杜鵑
Shrubs; branches often ascending, young branches slender, densely appressed gray to brown strigose. Leaves mostly crowded at tip of branches, chartaceous, polymorphic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1-4 cm long, 0.5-1.7 cm broad, apex acute, often mucronulate, base, acute, margin entire, slightly recurved, upper surface dark green, scabrid or gray of brown strigose especially along midrib and veins, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, inconspicuous; petiole ca. 1 cm long, appressed strigose. Corolla pink, spotted with rose, widely funnelform, 2.5-3 cm across, lobes spreading; stamens 9 or 10, unequal, filaments villous on lower half; ovary and basal part of style grayish pubescent. Capsules ovoid-conical, 8-10 mm long, ca. 3-4 mm across, densely brown strigose, style persistent.
Endemic. Common on sunny mountain slopes of the central range, at 1,000-3,300 m.
280. 台紅毛杜鵑 Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata
灌木,高達3米;分枝繁密,幼枝細長,密被紅褐色扁平糙伏毛;老枝淡黃灰褐色,無毛。葉革質,集生枝頂,長圓披針形或卵狀披針形,長1.5-4.5釐米,寬0.5-1.9釐米,先端銳尖,具短尖頭,基部楔形,邊緣全緣,微反卷,上面深綠色,下面淡綠色,幼時兩面密被淡黃棕色絹狀扁平糙伏毛,成長後上面被棕褐色或灰白色糙伏毛,毛基圓形,凸起,下麵密被淡黃棕色或紅褐色扁平糙伏毛,雜以白色微柔毛,中脈和側脈在上面凹陷,下面凸出;葉柄長3-6毫米,被扁平糙伏毛。花芽卵球形,鱗片卵形,先端銳尖,外面沿中部被鏽紅色糙伏毛,內面近頂部被毛。傘形花序頂生,具花2-4朵;花梗長6毫米,被淡黃棕色絹狀糙伏毛;花萼5裂,裂片長圓形,長1.5-4毫米,被淡黃棕色絹狀糙伏毛;花冠粉紅色,闊漏斗形,長1.7釐米,直徑達2.5釐米,裂片5,開展,長圓形,長7毫米,內面具粉紅色斑點,花冠管長1釐米;雄蕊7-10,不等長,部分伸出花冠外,花絲線形,近基部被疏柔毛;子房卵球形,長3毫米,幹後黑褐色,密被淡黃棕色糙伏毛,花柱比雄蕊長,長約2釐米,近基部被棕褐色扁平糙伏毛。蒴果圓錐狀卵球形,長5-7毫米,直徑4毫米,密被棕褐色糙伏毛。花期7月,果期8-10月。
特產於我國臺灣中部。常生於海拔1 000-3 300米的山地林中。歐美也有栽培。模式標本采自臺灣中部山區。
本種與毛果杜鵑R. seniavinii Maxim. 相似,但不同在於後者的花冠管外面被疏柔毛;雄蕊5,花絲基部扁平,無毛,易於區別。
あかげつつじ. らんだいつつじ.
常綠性灌木。葉卵狀披針形至長橢圓狀披針形,互生或叢生枝梢。莖頂萌發2~4朵淡紫紅色花,花冠漏斗形,5裂,裂片長橢圓形,雄蕊9或10枚,離生。
台灣特有種,亦是垂直分布幅度最大者。對自然環境的適應力相當強,不論在透光佳的台灣二葉松、台灣鐵杉林、台灣冷杉林,或是開闊的玉山箭竹草原中都能自在生長,尤其是在森林火災後的山坡,是最快恢復生機的物種,被稱為火災後的先驅樹種。
隨著生育地不同,植株的高度會出現差異, 族群分布於終年強風的高山草原地帶,植株平均高度約1m,族群散生於森林底層的避風環境,植株可以高達2m,植株通常群集於高山稜脊的玉山箭竹坡。
- 族群分布:海拔1000~3300m5之山區,全島山區幾乎均可見其芳蹤。
- 最佳賞花地點:合歡北峰及台14甲23~25 km處,可觀賞滿山遍野之杜鵑花叢。
- 最佳賞花時間:四月至六月。
大多生長在高山草原裸露地區的紅毛杜鵑屬常綠灌木植物,在合歡、奇萊山區大多集中於合歡山東側山坡地和松雪樓往奇萊北峰的山坡上,數量相當多,盛花期遠望猶如一團紅色花簇點綴在綠草上,這種情景在儲山至東郡大山間皆然。
紅毛杜鵑屬杜鵑花科,每年五、六月間花芽與葉芽同時萌發,葉片叢生於枝條上呈卵狀披針形,入秋後葉片轉為灰褐色,葉緣略為反捲,葉片表面散生灰色毛茸。五月下旬至七月初為花期,粉紅色的花朵簇生於枝條頂端,花冠呈漏斗狀;盛花期時整株蓋滿花朵,一團團如火球般搶眼。九、十月間為結果期,果實為卵狀圓柱形蒴果。
海拔兩千至三千五百公尺的山區均可見到向陽而生的紅毛杜鵑。尤其在攀登合歡北峰時,由登山口至稜線上,松雪樓至奇萊北峰下的黑水塘,均長滿了紅毛杜鵑。