討論:茶匙黃
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
6. Viola diffusa Ging. 茶匙黃
Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather thin, with procumbent rooting stem at apex. Stem up to 38 cm, rooting at ends and producing dense rosettes of leaves and flowers. Leaves 1-4 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, suborbicular to ovate or elliptic, cuneate to shallowly cordate at base, subacute to rounded or obtuse at apex, crenate to serrate-crenate on margin, long decurrent on petiole, hirsute or rarely glabrous, herbaceous; petioles 1-7 cm long; stipules 5-9 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, dentate to ciliate on margin, free. Flowers 7-13 mm across, pale violet to almost white; peduncles 1.5-7 cm long, exceeding leaves; sepals 3-6 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, lanceolate, acute at apex, sparsely pubescent, fimbrio-ciliate on margin, green; appendages up to 0.5 mm long, rounded, fimbrio-ciliate; petals obovate, the basal shortest, acute at apex, lateral ones bearded; spurs 0.5-1 mm long, obtuse; ?styles ca. 1.2 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate distally, with two lateral lobes at apex and anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 4-6 mm long, ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 0.8 mm long. Chromosome number n=13.
Himalayas, India, China, Indochina, South Japan, the Ryukyus, the Philippines and New Guinea.
TAIPEI: Chishingshan, Ying 773; Urai, Wang 3585. TAOYUAN: Paling-Tamanshan, Yang 1282. HSINCHU: Wutzushan, Kawakami 5990. MIAOLI: Tahu, Simada 4003. TAICHUNG: Chingshan, Wang 5058. CHANGHUA: Yuanlin, Kawakami s. n. 1907. NANTOU: Kwantaoshi, Wang 4199. CHIAYI: Alishan, Hsu & Kuoh 6858. KAOHSIUNG: Weiliaoshan, Yamada 28. PINGTUNG: Wutai, Chen 1559. TAITUNG: Litao, Wang 4269; Lanyu, Kawakami & Sasaki s. n. 1911. HUALIEN: Mukuashan, Nakamura 4432.
- Viola diffusa ツクシスミレ
- Viola diffusa var. glabella ツクシスミレ
蔓茎堇菜组 Sect. Diffusae (W. Beck.) C. J. Wang
七星莲 Viola diffusa Ging. var. diffusa
一年生草本，全體被糙毛或白色柔毛，或近無毛，花期生出地上匍匐枝。匍匐枝先端具蓮座狀葉叢，通常生不定根。根狀莖短，具多條白色細根及纖維狀根。基生葉多數，叢生呈蓮座狀，或於匍匐枝上互生； 葉片卵形或卵狀長圓形，長1.5—3.5釐米，寬1—2釐米，先端鈍或稍尖，基部寬楔形或截形，稀淺心形，明顯下延於葉柄，邊緣具鈍齒及緣毛，幼葉兩面密被白色柔毛，後漸變稀疏，但葉脈上及兩側邊緣仍被較密的毛； 葉柄長2—4.5釐米，具明顯的翅，通常有毛； 托葉基部與葉柄合生，2/3離生，線狀披針形，長4—12毫米，先端漸尖，邊緣具稀疏的細齒或疏生流蘇狀齒。花較小，淡紫色或淺黃色，具長梗，生於基生葉或匍匐枝葉叢的葉腋間； 花梗纖細，長1.5—8.5釐米，無毛或被疏柔毛，中部有1對線形苞片； 萼片披針形，長4—5.5毫米，先端尖，基部附屬物短，末端圓或具稀疏細齒，邊緣疏生睫毛；側方花瓣倒卵形或長圓狀倒卵形，長6—8毫米，無須毛，下方花瓣連距長約6毫米，較其他花瓣顯著短； 距極短，長僅1.5毫米，稍露出萼片附屬物之外； 下方2枚雄蕊背部的距短而寬，呈三角形； 子房無毛，花柱棍棒狀，基部稍膝曲，上部漸增粗，柱頭兩側及後方具肥厚的緣邊，中央部分稍隆起，前方具短喙。蒴果長圓形，直徑約3毫米，長約1釐米，無毛，頂端常具宿存的花柱。 花期3—5月，果期5—8月。2n=26。
產浙江、臺灣、四川、雲南、西藏。生於山地林下、林緣、草坡、溪穀旁、岩石縫隙中。印度、尼泊爾、菲律賓、馬來西亞、日本也有分佈。
