討論:杜英
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
5. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.
5a. var. sylvestris. 杜英
An evergreen tree. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate, the apex acuminate, with obtuse acumen, the base acute to long-attenuate at base, sometimes broadly acute, 7-14 cm long, 2-4 cm broad, glabrous, black-tubercled beneath, the margins crenulate, the midrib slightly impressed above, elevated beneath, the veinlets reticulate; petioles about 1.5-2 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or above the scars of the fallen leaves, the rachis sparsely puberulent; pedicels slender, 4-6 mm long, sometimes up to 10 mm long, puberulent; sepals 5, lanceolate, about 4 mm long, 1 mm broad, depressed pubescent especially toward the margins; petals 5, inverted-triangular, about 6 mm long, and 3 mm broad, cut into numerous laciniae, pilose in the lower part inside, narrowed below; stamens 20-30, the anthers linear, the anther valves awnless, the outer valves obtuse, nearly as long as the inner ones; ovary 3-celled, densely pubescent; style slender, about 4 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm long, acute at both ends, the stone hard, tubercled.
S. China, the Ryukyus and Japan. Taiwan, in forests at low altitudes throughout the island.
TAIPEI: Nakamura 4056; Bunzangun, Suzuki 16838. ILAN: Taipingshan, Chang 4531. NANTOU: Wushen, Chang 1631. PINGTUNG: Hiiranshan, Chang 3779; Kaoshihfo, Chang 2411.
5b. var. lanyuensis (Chang) comb. nov. 蘭嶼杜英
Similar to the typical form but with shorter leaves and petioles.
Endemic.
TAITUNG: Is. Lanyu, Chang 14930.
- Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus ホルトノキ
- Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. pachycarpus チギ
- Elaeocarpus zollingeri
22.山杜英 Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.
小喬木，高約10米；小枝纖細，通常禿淨無毛；老枝幹後暗褐色。葉紙質，倒卵形或倒披針形，長4-8釐米，寬2-4釐米，幼態葉長達15 釐米，寬達6釐米，上下兩面均無毛，幹後黑褐色，不發亮，先端鈍，或略尖，基部窄楔形，下延，側脈5-6對。在上面隱約可見，在下面稍突起，網脈不大明顯，邊緣有鈍鋸齒或波狀鈍齒；葉柄長1-1.5釐米，無毛。總狀花序生於枝頂葉腋內，長4-6釐米，花序軸纖細，無毛，有時被灰白色短柔毛；花柄長3-4 毫米，纖細，通常禿淨；萼片5片，披針形，長4毫米，無毛；花瓣倒卵形，上半部撕裂，裂片10-12條，外側基部有毛；雄蕊13-15枚，長約3毫米，花藥有微毛，頂端無毛叢，亦缺附屬物；花盤5裂，圓球形，完全分開，被白色毛；子房被毛，2-3室，花柱長2毫米。核果細小，橢圓形，長1-1.2釐米，內果皮薄骨質，有腹縫溝3條。花期4-5月。
產于廣東、海南、廣西、福建、浙江，江西、湖南、貴州、四川及雲南。生於海拔350-2000米的常綠林裏。越南、老撾、泰國有分佈。本種模式標本采自越南。
這個種的枝條無毛；葉紙質，倒卵形，長達8釐米，側脈5-6對，有明顯鈍鋸齒，幹後葉片暗褐色；花序軸纖細，通常無毛，有時則被白色短柔毛；花瓣有毛，裂片約10條；雄蕊15枚，花藥無毛叢或附屬物；核果細小等特徵和禿瓣杜英 E. glabripetalus Merr. 很容易混淆，但後者枝有棱；葉幹後黃綠色，側脈8對；葉柄極短；花瓣無毛，先端15裂；雄蕊20-30枚，花藥頂端有毛叢而不同。所謂 E. omeiensis Rehd. et Wils. 從葉形和大小、側脈的數目、葉柄的長短、花的長度、雄蕊的數目等特徵來看都和本種一致。從較大量的峨眉山的標本加以比較也找不出多大差別。誠然，大多數的峨眉山標本具有3-4.5釐米寬的葉子，似乎比 E. sylvestris Poir. 的標本種要大些，其實華南各地也有許多葉片較大的代表；反之，峨眉山也有小葉型的。Rehder只提到峨眉山標本和 E. serratus Linn. 及E. lanceaefolius Roxb. 的區別，而沒有和E. sylvestris Poir. 進行比較，顯然是疏忽了。
