討論:金絲桃
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
7. Hypericum monogynum L. 金絲桃(金線海棠)
Bushy shrub 0.5-1.3 m tall; branches spreading; branchlets 2(4)-lined when young, eventually usually terete. Leaves sessile or with petiole up to 1.5 mm long; lamina 2-11.2 cm long, 1-4.1 cm broad, elliptic or oblong to oblanceolate, apex acute to rounded, base cuneate to rounded, chartaceous, paler beneath, with conspicuous dense reticulate venation and only pale glandular dots. Inflorescence 1-15(-30)-flowered, terminal (1-3 nodes), corymbose, rarely with 1-2 pairs of axillary flowering branches; flowers 3-6.5 cm in diam., plane or convex, in bud ovoid, subacute; sepals 4.5-13 mm long, 1.5-6 mm broad, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute to rounded, with entire margin, ± erect in fruit; petals 20-34 mm long, 12-20 mm broad, obovate, golden yellow to lemon-yellow, deciduous; stamen fascicles 5, deciduous, each with 25-35 stamens; anthers yellow, with amber gland; ovary 2.5-5 mm long, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 5-locular, styles 3.5-5 times as long, united almost to apex. Capsule 6-10 mm long, 4-7 mm broad, broadly ovoid; seeds ca. 1.3 mm long, dark reddish-brown, narrowly carinate.
Mainland China. Introduced into Japan and possibly Taiwan. In dry areas (slopes, roadsides, etc.) at low altitudes. Widely cultivated.
TAIPEI: Yangmingshan, Liu & Kuo 123; Tanshui, Oldham s. n. 1864. ILAN: Is. Kueishan, Masamune & Suzuki s. n. 1932. Hypericum monogynum has been cultivated in Japan and (?) Taiwan for a long time. The Taiwan form, which has leaves somewhat intermediate between the upland ('var. salicifolium' Sieb. & Zucc.) and lowland ('var. obtusifolium') Chinese forms and solitary flowers, cannot be treated as distinct owing to the occurrence of continuous variation.
金丝桃组 Sect. 1. Ascyreia Choisy
金丝桃 Hypericum monogynum L.
灌木，高0.5-1.3米，丛状或通常有疏生的开张枝条。茎红色，幼时具2（4）纵线棱及两侧压扁，很快为圆柱形；皮层橙褐色。叶对生，无柄或具短柄，柄长达1.5毫米；叶片倒披针形或椭圆形至长圆形，或较稀为披针形至卵状三角形或卵形，长2-11.2厘米，宽1-4.1厘米，先端锐尖至圆形，通常具细小尖突，基部楔形至圆形或上部者有时截形至心形，边缘平坦，坚纸质，上面绿色，下面淡绿但不呈灰白色，主侧脉4-6对，分枝，常与中脉分枝不分明，第三级脉网密集，不明显，腹腺体无，叶片腺体小而点状。花序具1-15(-30)花，自茎端第1节生出，疏松的近伞房状，有时亦自茎端1-3节生出，稀有1-2对次生分枝；花梗长0.8-2.8 (-5 )厘米；苞片小，线状披针形，早落。花直径3-6.5厘米，星状；花蕾卵珠形，先端近锐尖至钝形。萼片宽或狭椭圆形或长圆形至披针形或倒披针形，先端锐尖至圆形，边缘全缘，中脉分明，细脉不明显，有或多或少的腺体，在基部的线形至条纹状，向顶端的点状。花瓣金黄色至柠檬黄色，无红晕，开张，三角状倒卵形，长2-3.4厘米，宽1-2厘米，长约为萼片的2.5-4.5倍，边缘全缘，无腺体，有侧生的小尖突，小尖突先端锐尖至圆形或消失。雄蕊5束，每束有雄蕊25-35枚，最长者长1.8-3.2厘米，与花瓣几等长，花药黄至暗橙色。子房卵珠形或卵珠状圆锥形至近球形，长2.5-5毫米，宽2.5-3毫米；花柱长1.2-2厘米，长约为子房的3.5-5倍，合生几达顶端然后向外弯或极偶有合生至全长之半；柱头小。蒴果宽卵珠形或稀为卵珠状圆锥形至近球形，长6-10毫米，宽4-7毫米。种子深红褐色，圆柱形，长约2毫米，有狭的龙骨状突起，有浅的线状网纹至线状蜂窝纹。染色体2n=42。花期5-8月，果期8-9月。
产河北、陕西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川及贵州等省区。生于山坡、路旁或灌丛中，沿海地区海拔0-150米，但在山地上升至1500米。日本也有引种。模式是Miller, Figures plants: 101, t. 151, f. 2. 1760 。
本种变异幅度很大，可根据叶形、花序以及萼片大小上的变异至少可划一分为四个类型，即l）柳叶型：叶椭圆形至倒披针形，先端锐尖，基部楔形；花序很稀疏；萼片狭卵形而先端锐尖，分布自华中至沿海地区；2）钝叶型：叶较短，长圆形，先端钝形或圆形，基部圆形；花序稍稀疏；萼片狭长圆形而先端钝；分布自湖北东部及江西，南达广东沿海地区；3）宽萼型；叶和萼片较宽，前者自宽椭圆形（基部锐尖及楔形）至宽长圆形（基部圆形及心形），后者有时叶状，花序也是疏松；分布区同第一类型；4）卵叶型：叶短，椭圆形至卵形或三角状卵形，先端钝形至圆形，基部宽楔形至圆形，但萼片长而狭，该类型见于四川南部。上述四个类型由于在形态特征和地理分布上均显示出连续性质，因此似无必要作种下分类。
