討論:筆頭蛇菰
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
2. Balanophora harlandii Hook. F. 筆頭蛇菰
Plant dioecious, reddish. Male spadices oval-globose, 2-3.5 cm long; flowers pedicellate; perianth 3 merous; anthers 3. Female spadices oval-globose, 1-2.5 cm long; perianth absent; ovary grid-like on surface, ridge indistinct, irregular.
India, south China, Indochina and Taiwan. Taiwan, in forests at medium altitude.
TAIPEI: Takaishan, Suzuki 19196. ILAN: Nanshan-Chiliting, Huang 7739. MIAOLI: Annmashan, Huang 8022. NANTOU: Luantashan, Mori s. n. 1908; Lienhuachih, Sasaki s. n. 1923. CHIAYI: Alishan, Ishizaki s. n. 1931; Erwanping, Hayata s. n. 1914. TAITUNG: Hsinkanshan, Yamamoto s. n. 1930 (Holotype of B. mutinoides Hayata, TAI); Taitungshan, Yamamoto 570.
Tam (1988) thought that Balanophora harlandii differed from B. mutinoides in the shape and sculpture of the rhizome and in the scaly leaves fascicled at the base of the stem. Such opinion was taken by Ying (1990). Since Hansen (1972) suggested that the shape and sculpture of the rhizome is of minor taxonomic importance, and Tam (1988) distinguished a variety, characterized by scaly leaves spirally arranged on the stem, under B. harlandii, it seems reasonable to include B. mutinoides within the species variation range.
红冬蛇菰 Balanophora harlandii Hook. f.
草本，高2.5-9厘米；根茎苍褐色，扁球形或近球形，干时脆壳质，直径25-5厘米，分枝或不分枝，表面粗糙，密被小斑点，呈脑状皱褶；花茎长2-5.5厘米，淡红色；鳞苞片5-10枚，多少肉质，红色或淡红色，长圆状卵形，长1.3-2.5厘米，宽约8毫米，聚生于花茎基部，呈总苞状。花雌雄异株（序）；花序近球形或卵圆状椭圆形；雄花序轴有凹陷的蜂窠状洼穴；雄花3数，直径1.5-3毫米；花被裂片3，阔三角形；聚药雄蕊有3枚花药；花梗初时很短，后渐伸长达5毫米，自洼穴伸出；雌花的子房黄色，卵形，通常无子房柄，着生于附属体基部或花序轴表面上，花柱丝状；附属体暗褐色，倒圆锥形或倒卵形，顶端截形或中部凸起，无柄或有极短的柄，长0.8毫米，宽0.6毫米。花期9-11月。
产于广东、广西、云南。生于海拔600-2100米荫蔽林中较湿润的腐殖质土壤处。模式标本采自广东沿海岛屿。
据原始记载，本种有两个较突出的特征易与近缘种相区别，即根茎表面呈脑状皱褶，鳞苞片聚生于花茎基部呈总苞状。这些特征，前人往往不察而误将近缘种当作本种，并认为本种是属中的常见种。《台湾植物志》（Fl. Taiwan，2: 255. 1976.）将近缘种红烛蛇菰（B. mutinoides Hayata）并入本种，并认为本种在我国台湾省也有分布；其实二者在性状上差异颇大。
