討論:地錦屬

山羊百科,林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

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异叶地锦 Parthenocissus dalzielii Gagnep.

木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,无毛。卷须总状5-8分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生,卷须顶端嫩时膨大呈圆珠形,后遇附着物扩大呈吸盘状。两型叶,着生在短枝上常为3小叶,较小的单叶常着生在长枝上,叶为单叶者叶片卵圆形,长3-7厘米,宽2-5厘米,顶端急尖或渐尖,基部心形或微心形,边缘有4-5个细牙齿,3小叶者,中央小叶长椭圆形,长6-21厘米,宽3-8厘米,最宽处在近中部,顶端渐尖,基部楔形,边缘在中部以上有3-8个细牙齿,侧生小叶卵椭圆形,长5.5-19厘米,宽3-7. 5厘米,最宽处在下部,顶端渐尖,基部极不对称,近圆形,外侧边缘有5-8个细牙齿,内侧边缘锯齿状;单叶有基出脉3-5,中央脉有侧脉2-3对,3小叶者小叶有侧脉5-6对,网脉两面微突出,无毛;叶柄长5-20厘米,中央小叶有短柄,长0.3-1厘米,侧小叶无柄,完全无毛。花序假顶生于短枝顶端,基部有分枝,主轴不明显,形成多歧聚伞花序,长3-12厘米;花序梗长0-3厘米,无毛; 小苞片卵形,长1.5-2毫米,宽1-2毫米,顶端急尖,无毛;花梗长1-2毫米,无毛;花蕾高2-3毫米,顶端圆形;萼碟形,边缘呈波状或近全缘,外面无毛;花瓣4,倒卵椭圆形,高1.5-2.7毫米,无毛;雄蕊5,花丝长0.4-0.9毫米,下部略宽,花药黄色,椭圆形或卵椭圆形,长0.7-1.5毫米;花盘不明显; 子房近球形,花柱短,柱头不明显扩大。果实近球形,直径0.8-1厘米,成熟时紫黑色,有种子1-4颗; 种子倒卵形,顶端近圆形,基部急尖,种脐在背面近中部呈圆形,腹部中棱脊突出,两侧洼穴呈沟状,从种子基部向上斜展达种子顶端。花期5-7月,果期7-11月。
Branchlets terete, glabrous; tendrils 5-8-branched, young apex enlarged as somewhat globose adhesive disks. Leaves of two types, simple and small on long branches, usually 3-foliolate on short branches; simple leaves: petiole 5-20 cm, glabrous; blade oval, 3-7 × 2-5 cm, basal veins 3-5, lateral veins 2 or 3 pairs, base cordate or slightly so, margin 4- or 5-toothed on each side, apex acute or acuminate; 3-foliolate leaves: central petiolule short, 3-10 mm, glabrous; lateral leaflets sessile, ovate-elliptic, 5.5-19 × 3-7.5 cm, base conspicuously asymmetric and subrounded, outer margin 5-8-toothed, apex acuminate; central leaflet oblong, 6-21 × 3-8 cm, with 5 or 6 pairs of lateral veins, veinlets slightly raised, base cuneate, margin 3-8-toothed on each side, apex acuminate. Polychasium pseudoterminal, with inconspicuous rachis, 3-12 cm; peduncles absent to 3 cm, glabrous; bracteoles ovate, 1.5-2 × 1-2 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Pedicel 1-2 mm, glabrous. Buds 2-3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx undulate or subentire. Petals 5, obovate-elliptic, 1.5-2.7 mm, glabrous. Filaments 0.4-0.9 mm; anthers yellow, elliptic or ovoid-elliptic, 0.7-1.5 mm. Disk inconspicuous. Ovary globose; style short; stigma inconspicuously enlarged. Berry black-purple at maturity, 8-10 mm in diam., 1-4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base acute, apex rounded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Nov.

地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata (S. et Z. ) Planch.

木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,几无毛或微被疏柔毛。卷须5-9分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。卷须顶端嫩时膨大呈圆珠形,后遇附着物扩大成吸盘。叶为单叶,通常着生在短枝上为3浅裂,时有着生在长枝上者小型不裂,叶片通常倒卵圆形,长4.5-17厘米,宽4-16厘米,顶端裂片急尖,基部心形,边缘有粗锯齿,上面绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,无毛或中脉上疏生短柔毛,基出脉5,中央脉有侧脉3-5对,网脉上面不明显,下面微突出;叶柄长4-12厘米,无毛或疏生短柔毛。花序着生在短枝上,基部分枝,形成多歧聚伞花序,长2.5-12.5厘米,主轴不明显;花序梗长1-3.5厘米,几无毛;花梗长2-3毫米,无毛;花蕾倒卵椭圆形,高2-3毫米,顶端圆形;萼碟形,边缘全缘或呈波状,无毛;花瓣5,长椭圆形,高1.8-2.7毫米,无毛;雄蕊5,花丝长约1.5-2.4毫米,花药长椭圆卵形,长0.7-1.4毫米,花盘不明显;子房椭球形,花柱明显,基部粗,柱头不扩大。果实球形,直径1-1.5厘米,有种子1-3颗;种子倒卵圆形,顶端圆形,基部急尖成短喙,种脐在背面中部呈圆形,腹部中梭脊突出,两侧洼穴呈沟状,从种子基部向上达种子顶端。花期5-8月,果期9-10月。
Branchlets terete, nearly glabrous or sparsely pilose; tendrils 5-9-branched, young apex expanded and ball-shaped. Leaves simple, usually 3-lobed on short branches, or small and unlobed on long branches; petiole 4-12 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; blade obovoid, 4.5-17 × 4-16 cm, abaxially glabrous or midvein abaxially sparsely pubescent, basal veins 5, lateral veins 3-5 pairs on each side, veinlets slightly raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base cordate, margin with rough teeth on each side, apex acute. Polychasium 2.5-12.5 cm; rachis inconspicuous; peduncles 1-3.5 cm, nearly glabrous. Pedicel 2-3 mm, glabrous. Buds obovoid-elliptic, 2-3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx entire or undulate. Petals elliptic, 1.8-2.7 mm, glabrous. Filaments 1.5-2.4 mm; anthers ovoid-elliptic, 0.7-1.4 mm. Disk inconspicuous. Ovary oval; style conspicuous, base thick; stigma not enlarged. Berry 1-1.5 cm in diam., 1-3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base with a sharp, short rostrum, apex rounded. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 40.

异叶地锦 Parthenocissus dalzielii Gagnep.

本种自法国植物学家Gagnep. (1911)发表以来,国内外学者均未进一步研究其模式标本而将其定为Parthenocissus heterophylla (Bl.) Merr., 甚至Gagnepain本人同年 (1911) 在《华西植物志略》(Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1911) 和《印度支那植物志补编》(Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1950) 上,均误定为该种,但本种以其卷须顶端嫩时膨大呈圆珠形,老后卷须不伸长,叶明显两型,即长枝上为单叶,短枝上为3小叶,为真正的异型叶种,花序分枝明显退化,着生在显著缩短的短枝上,花萼边缘全缘,很不相同。P. heterophylla (Bl. ) Merr.模式标本采自印度尼西亚爪哇,分布于马来半岛、泰国和印度,卷须嫩时顶端细尖而不膨大成圆珠形,后遇附着物才扩大成吸盘;通常为3小叶,在模式标本的花序上除3小叶外可见有个别单叶,这并非为一种异型叶的特征,花序为典型的复二歧聚伞花序,伞房状,花萼边缘明显5浅裂的这一特点不仅区别于本种,而且有别于本属大多数种。本种卷须成熟后成圆盘状吸着山崖石壁或林中树木攀援到林冠上层,吸着能力很强,多横向分枝,在秋季,叶色鲜红,十分美丽,有极大的观赏价值,在华中和华东一带,可引入城市栽培,特别适宜用作城市垂直绿化。
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