討論:繩黃麻
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
1. Corchorus aestuans L., Syst. ed. 10. 1079. 1774; Liu & Lo in Fl. Taiwan 3: 695. pl. 779.1977. Corchorus acutangulus Lam., Encycl. 2: 104. 1786. An undershrub, 0.5-0.8 m high, often diffusely branched from the base; branches elongated, often spreading over ground; stems reddish-brown, somewhat hairy, 2-divergent at 2/3 of height. Leaves membranaceous, oblong, ovate or subcircular, 2.5-8 cm long, 2.5-5.3 cm wide, slightly oblique, acute at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, bitailed, serrate, 3-5-nerved, glabrescent and green on both surfaces; petioles glabrous, 0.8-4 cm long; stipules 2, subulate, 0.6-1 cm long. Flowers 5 mm long, opposite a leaf, solitary or 2 or 3; peduncles very short; pedicels nodate, 1.5 mm long; bracteoles several, divergent, 1.5-3.5 mm long; buds brown, obovate; sepals 5, green, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, 4.0-4.5 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, acute at apex, truncate at base, reflexed during anthesis; petals 5, yellow, glabrous, obovate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, rounded at apex, elongated-cuneate and ciliate at base; gonophore short; stamens many; filaments slim, glabrous, 2.8-3.3 mm long; ovary cylindric, 1.3 mm long, 1.0 mm thick or less, 3-5-celled, the style slender, 2 mm long, the stigma enlarged, papillate. Capsules 2.0-3.0 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm thick, narrowly cylindric, prominently longitudinally 6-, 8- or (10)-winged and 3-, 4- or (5)-valved, the valves 2-winged, projecting into a beak at apex; both wings meeting at beak and base; beaks erect and slightly dentate, 3-5 mm long; seeds horizontal, longitudinally 1-seriate between 2 adjacent valves, separated by obscure partitions, polyhedral, numerous, dark brown.
1a. var. aestuans. 繩黃麻 Pl.368
Widely distributed in tropical Asia, Africa and the West Indies. Taiwan in open, waste or cultivated lands in the plains of the central and southern parts. Flowering time from September to November.
NANTOU: Shuichangliu, Sasaki s. n. 1922. TAINAN: Tainan, Yasukawa s. n. 1922. KAOHSIUNG: Chishan, Suzuki 5830. PENGHU: Tungliang, Chen s. n. 1933. PINGTUNG: Chauchiu, Sasaki s. n. 1935*; Santimen, Lo s. n. 1971. Ako, Matuda 673*. HUALIEN: Hualien, Kawakami & Shimada s. n. 1868.
1b. var. brevicaulis (Hosok.) Liu & Lo in Fl. Taiwan 3: 695. 1977. 短莖繩黃麻
An undershrub, subcaespitose, nearly prostrate, low, mostly 10-15 cm high, densely hairy; hairs rigid, internodes short; stems greyish-green; stems 2-divergent at 2/3 of height. Leaves membranaceous, ovate-elliptic, 1.0-6 cm long, 0.5-3 cm wide, usually oblique, acute at apex, rounded or obtuse at base, sometimes bitailed, serrate, 3-nerved; upper surface green, pubescent; lower surface green, glabrescent; petioles densely hairy, 0.5-1.5 cm long; stipules 2, linear, 0.5 cm long. Flowers small, about 4 mm long, oppositifolious, usually 2 in pairs; peduncles very short; pedicels nodate, 1 mm long; bracteoles several, divergent, 1.5-3 mm long; buds green, obovate; sepals 5, glabrous, green, thin, oblong-lanceolate, 4.3-4.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, acute at apex, truncate at base, reflexed during anthesis; petals 5, glabrous, yellow, obovate, 4.0-4.5 mm long, 1.9-2.1 mm wide, rounded at apex, cuneate and ciliate at base; gonophore short, stamens 16 or more; filaments slender, glabrous, 2.4-3 mm long; ovary cylindric, 1.9 mm long, 0.9 mm thick, 3-5-celled; styles short, 1.0-1.3 mm long; stigma enlarged, papillate, unlobed. Capsules 1.8-2.8 cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm thick, cylindric, prominently longitudinally 6-, 8- or (10)-winged and 3-, 4- or (5)-valved; each valve 2-winged, projecting a beak at apex, both wings meeting at beak and base; beaks erect and slightly dentate, 4-5 mm long; seeds horizontal, longitudinally 1-seriate between 2 valves, separated by obscure partitions, polyhedral, numerous, dark brown.
Endemic. Growing in rocky, littoral areas where the soil is thin and sterile. Flowering from August to November.
PINGTUNG: Hsiaoliuchiu, Hosokawa 1872 (Isotype), Lo 01, 04, 07.
Hosokawa's species is characterized by the short, prostrate stems, short internodes and small capsules which are 10-winged and 5-loculate. The authors collected wild plants of this species from the islet Hsiaoliuchiu, the type locality, and cultivated these in Taipei and Pingtung, from September to December, 1971. They found that the characters of both the vegetative and reproductive organs of these plants under cultivation are very similar to those of C. aestuans. It seems that Hosokawa's species is better treated as a variety of the latter.
