討論:小菫菜
山羊百科,林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
9. Viola inconspicua Blume ssp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) Wang & Huang in Taiwania 35: 41. f. 12. 1990.
Perennial herb; rhizome erect to ascending, rather stout, bearing white or yellowish roots, acaulescent. Leaves 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, broadest at base, triangular-ovate, cordate at base with prominently rounded basal lobes, acute at apex, crenate on margin, sometimes dentate on basal lobes, short decurrent on petiole, glabrous or pubescent on both surfaces, herbaceous; petioles 2-13 cm long; stipules 3-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, lanceolate, acuminate at apex, sparsely denticulate on margin, glabrous, adnate to petiole to 3/4 length. Flowers 8-12 mm across, purple to pale purple, with darker veins; peduncles 5-15 cm long, equalling or exceeding leaves, glabrous or pubescent; sepals 3-5 mm long, 1-1.6 mm broad, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, entire, glabrous; appendages 1-2.5 mm long, rounded, acute, or sometimes incised, glabrous; petals obovate, the lateral ones bearded, the basal emarginate or truncate at apex; spurs 2-2.5 mm long, exceeding calycine appendages, cylindrical, obtuse, straight; styles ca. 1.5 mm long, geniculate at base, clavate distally, with prominent marginal lobes at apex and anterior stigmatic beak. Capsules 6-9 mm long, ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds ovoid, 1-1.2 mm long. Chromosome number n=24.
The species in Himalayas, Burma, China, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java and the Philippines; the subspecies in japan and Taiwan.
TAIPEI: Yangmingshan, Wang 4201; Yehliu, Wang 4223; Ryukeinaisho, s. coll. S. n. 1902 (Type of V. taiwaniana, TAIF!). ILAN: Shuanlienpei, Wang 5067. TAOYUAN: Jenmei, Kuo 6580. HSINCHU: Kwanwu, Wang 4125. MIAOLI: Miaoli, Simada s. n. 1908. TAICHUNG: Kukuan, Huang 10327. NANTOU: Musya, Mori s. n. 1907. TAINAN: Tainan, Yasukawa s. n. 1922. KAOHSIUNG: Sanpin, Huang 10711. PINGTUNG: Botansya, Kudo & Mori 2439. TAITUNG: Taito, Kawakami s. n. 1905; Kasyoto, Nakahara s. n. 1905. HUALIEN: Batakan-Taroko, Sasaki s. n. 1917.
34. 長萼堇菜 Viola inconspicua Blume Cat. Gew.
多年生草本,無地上莖。根狀莖垂直或斜生,較粗壯,長1—2釐米,粗2—8毫米,節密生,通常被殘留的褐色托葉所包被。葉均基生,呈蓮座狀; 葉片三角形、三角狀卵形或戟形,長1.5—7釐米,寬1—3.5釐米,最寬處在葉的基部,中部向上漸變狹,先端漸尖或尖,基部寬心形,彎缺呈寬半圓形,兩側垂片發達,通常平展,稍下延于葉柄成狹翅,邊緣具圓鋸齒,兩面通常無毛,少有在下麵的葉脈及近基部的葉緣上有短毛,上面密生乳頭狀小白點,但在較老的葉上則變成暗綠色; 葉柄無毛,長2—7釐米; 托葉3/4與葉柄合生,分離部分披針形,長3—5毫米,先端漸尖,邊緣疏生流蘇狀短齒,稀全緣,通常有褐色鏽點。花淡紫色,有暗色條紋; 花梗細弱,通常與葉片等長或稍高出於葉,無毛或上部被柔毛,中部稍上處有2枚線形小苞片; 萼片卵狀披針形或披針形,長4—7毫米,頂端漸尖,基部附屬物伸長,長2—3毫米,末端具缺刻狀淺齒,具狹膜質緣,無毛或具纖毛; 花瓣長圓狀倒卵形,長7—9毫米,側方花瓣裏面基部有須毛,下方花瓣連距長10—12毫米; 距管狀,長2.5—3毫米,直,末端鈍; 下方雄蕊背部的距角狀,長約2.5毫米,頂端尖,基部寬; 子房球形,無毛,花柱棍棒狀,長約2毫米,基部稍膝曲,頂端平,兩側具較寬的緣邊,前方具明顯的短喙,喙端具向上開口的柱頭孔。蒴果長圓形,長8—10毫米,無毛。種子卵球形,長1—1.5毫米,直徑0.8毫米,深綠色。 花果期3—11月。2n=24。
產陝西、甘肅(南部)、江蘇、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、臺灣、湖北、湖南、廣東、海南、廣西、四川、貴州、雲南。生於林緣、山坡草地、田邊及溪旁等處。緬甸、菲律賓、馬來西亞也有分佈。
本種與狹托葉堇菜 V. angustistipulata Chang 和戟葉堇菜 V. betonicifolia Smith 近似,但本種葉片三角形或戟形,先端漸尖,基部彎缺呈寬半圓形,兩側垂片發達,稍下延於葉柄; 萼片伸長,基部附屬物長2—3毫米,末端具淺裂齒等極易辨認。