山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

• 台灣植物誌 第一版 Flora of Taiwan, 1st edition　　
• 台灣植物誌 第二版 Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebooks/FlTaiwan2nd/4/695

• 《中国植物志》 第69卷 (1990) >> 575页 PDF >> 盾座苣苔属 Epithema；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Epithema?t=z
• FOC Vol. 18 Page 400；55. Epithema Blume, Bijdr. 737. 1826.；盾座苣苔属；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=111886

目錄 1 密花苣苔　Epithema taiwanensis var. fasciculata 1.1 Epithema ceylanica 1.2 Epithema involucratum 1.3 Epithema carnosum 1.4 Epithema dentatum 1.5 Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum 2 Epithema benthamii 3 Epithema saxatile

密花苣苔　Epithema taiwanensis var. fasciculata

• 密花苣苔　Epithema taiwanensis S. S. Ying var. fasciculata (Clarke) Z. Y. Li & M. T. Kao
• 台灣植物誌 第一版 Flora of Taiwan, 1st edition　　
• 台灣植物誌 第二版 Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebooks/FlTaiwan2nd/4/697
• Plants of TAIWAN 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統　　https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=529%20020%2001%202

• Epithema taiwanensis S. S. Ying var. fasciculata (Clarke) Z. Y. Li & M. T. Kao；Z. Y. Li & M. T. Kao, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 697. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit., 台灣植物誌第二版)

• Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke；Huang, et. 1989 Taiwania　34(1) 45 f.1,2；Huang, Tseng-Chieng, Shing-Fan Huang, Kuoh-Cheng Yanf 1989 Notes on the Flora of Taiwan (3)-The miscellaneous plants Taiwania　34(1) 45-53
  • Epithema sp.；Henry, List Pl. Formos. 68. 1896.；https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?volume=0&book=List%20Pl.%20Formos.&page=68

• Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 180. 1883. ；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32082138#page/183/mode/1up

• Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke is a synonym of Epithema taiwanensis S.S. Ying；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50093379

• Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke；Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 456 1923；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104540#page/462/mode/1up
• Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke；Rofle, J. Bot. 23: 215 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33745#page/239/mode/1up

大崗山

• Epithema taiwanense S.S.Ying var. fasciculatum (C.B.Clarke) Z.Y.Li et M.T.Kao　 ヒナツノギリソウ　標準；http://ylist.info/ylist_detail_display.php?pass=42364

Epithema ceylanica

• Epithema ceylanicum - eFlora of India；https://efloraofindia.com/2022/01/06/epithema-ceylanicum/
• Checklist of Plants of India；https://efloraindia.bsi.gov.in/eFlora/speciesDesc_PCL.action?species_id=18725
• Epithema ceylanicum Gardner；Philippines；http://phytoimages.siu.edu/taxpage/0/0/79/binomial/Epithema%20ceylanicum.html

• Epithema zeylanicum Gardner is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791672

• Epithema ceylanica Gardner；Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 6: 492 1846；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40384187#page/512/mode/1up

• Epithema zeylanicum Gardner；Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3: 99 1852；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32190#page/107/mode/1up

isonym

• Epithema ceylanicum Wight is a synonym of Epithema zeylanicum Gardner；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791643

• Epithema ceylanica Gardner；Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 182 T. 159-b-3 1850；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39780#page/183/mode/1up
  • Illustration T. 159-b-3；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39780#page/306/mode/1up

• Epithema ceylanica Gardner；Wight, Icon. 4: T.1354 1850；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1859#page/39/mode/1up
  • Illustration T.1354；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1859#page/272/mode/1up

• Epithema carnosum var. zeylanicum (Gardner) C.B.Clarke is a synonym of Epithema zeylanicum Gardner；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791642

• Epithema carnosum var. zeylanica (Gardner) C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 178 1883.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/181/mode/1up

• Epithema carnosum var. zeylanica (Gardner) C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J. D. Hooker] 4: 369 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13817#page/373/mode/1up
  • Epithema carnosum Benth.；Thwaites & Hooker, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 208 1864；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/528052#page/215/mode/1up

SYN

• Epithema carnosum var. zeylanica (Gardner) C.B.Clarke；Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 279 1898；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11307113#page/289/mode/1up
  • Epithema carnosum Benth.；Clarke, Comm. Cyrt. Bengal. T.90 1874；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54248#page/223/mode/1up

SYN

• Epithema ceylanicum Gardner；Bransgrove & Middleton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 177 f.4,5 2015；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223283#page/183/mode/1up
  • Epithema brunonis var. fasciculata C.B. Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 179 1883. 5: 180. 1883. ；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32082138#page/182/mode/1up
  • Epithema carnosum var. dentatum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 177 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/180/mode/1up
  • Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 178 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/181/mode/1up
  • Epithema taiwanensis S. S. Ying；Ying, Col. Ill. Fl. Taiwan Intr. Pl. 4: 795. pl. 94. 1992

• Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke is a synonym of Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791640

• Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 112 1997.；Hilliard, O.M. & Burtt, B.L. 1997 New names in Epithema (Gesneriaceae) Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111-113.

• Epithema carnosum var. dentatum C.B.Clarke is a synonym of Epithema dentatum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791639

• Epithema dentatum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111 1997.；Hilliard, O.M. & Burtt, B.L. 1997 New names in Epithema (Gesneriaceae) Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111-113.

Epithema involucratum

• Epithema involucratum (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791652

• Epithema involucratum (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 308 (1958)；https://archive.org/details/notes-from-royal-botanic-garden-edinburgh-22-004-305-314/page/308/mode/1up
  • Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 80 1814；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173186#page/102/mode/1up

• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 138 1820；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/787715#page/143/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 1: 137 1832；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10528#page/141/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Spreng, Syst. Veg. [Sprengel] 1: 40 1825；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30757#page/46/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Mant. (Schultes) 1: 122 1822；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/798476#page/128/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Dietr., Syn. Pl. [D. Dietrich] 1: 39 1839；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/4604#page/58/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Dietr., Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] (ed.-6) 551 1831；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30587#page/6/mode/1up
• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；R. Br., The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown. 2: 555 1867；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18532212#page/571/mode/1up

• Epithema involucratum (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt；Bransgrove & Middleton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 187 2015；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223283#page/193/mode/1up

• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne. is a synonym of Epithema involucratum (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791630

• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.；Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 404 1834.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10294546#page/440/mode/1up
• Aikinia brunonis Wall.；Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 66 T. 288 1832.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/452335#page/161/mode/1up
  • Illustration T.288；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/452335#page/162/mode/1up

• Aikinia brunonis Wall.；Griff., Ic. Pl. Asiat. 4: 440 f.2 1854；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132442#page/185/mode/1up

• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.；Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 736 1856；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1864#page/745/mode/1up

SYN

• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.；G.Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 665 1838；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84379#page/677/mode/1up
• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.；Benth., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 279 1845；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247794#page/283/mode/1up
• Epithema brunonis (Wall.) Decne.；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 179 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32082138#page/182/mode/1up
  • Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 138 1820；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/787715#page/143/mode/1up

• Gratiola involucrata Roxb.；

Epithema carnosum

• 《中国植物志》 第69卷 (1990) >> 577页 PDF >> 盾座苣苔 Epithema carnosum；http://www.iplant.cn/info/Epithema%20carnosum?t=z
• FOC Vol. 18 Page 400；1. Epithema carnosum Bentham, Scroph. Ind. 57. 1835.；盾座苣苔；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200021749
• Nepal Checklist；Epithema carnosa Benth., ; Scroph. Ind. 57 (1835)；http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=242422213

• Epithema carnosum Benth. is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791638

• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Benth., Scroph. Ind. 57 1835.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107940#page/58/mode/1up

• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Benth., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 278 1845；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247794#page/282/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Clarke, Comm. Cyrt. Bengal. T.90 1874；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54248#page/223/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 177 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/180/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J. D. Hooker] 4: 369 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13817#page/373/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Benth., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 278 1845；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247794#page/282/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Bransgrove & Middleton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 174 2015；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223283#page/180/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Merr., Bibl. Enum. Bornean Pl. 533 1921；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11382249#page/537/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Winkl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. (Engl.) 44: 538 1910；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/706#page/660/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Santapau, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48: 491 1948；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732045#page/687/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Weber, ASBS Newsletter 30: 33 f.5A 1982；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/296092#page/35/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Burtt, ThaiJO 29: 93 2001；Burtt, B. L. 2001 Flora of Thailand: annotated checklist of Gesneriaceae) Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) 29: 81-109
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；พรรณไม้ป่าฮาลา-บาลา 132 2020
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；吳, 云南植物志 5: 569 1991；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36688897#page/579/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 331 1888；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2925828#page/406/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum Benth.；Burtt, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 29: 93 2001；Burtt, B. L. 2001 Flora of Thailand: annotated checklist of Gesneriaceae) Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) 29: 81-109

• Aikinia carnosa G.Don is a synonym of Epithema carnosum Benth.；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2626812

• Aikinia carnosa G.Don；Gen. Hist. 4: 665 1838.；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/347392#page/674/mode/1up

Epithema dentatum

• Epithema dentatum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791644

• Epithema dentatum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111 1997；Hilliard, O. M. & B.L. Burtt 1997 New names in Epithema (Gesneriaceae) Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111-113
  • Epithema carnosum var. dentatum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 177 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/180/mode/1up

• Epithema carnosum var. dentatum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J. D. Hooker] 4: 369 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13817#page/373/mode/1up

Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum

• Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791645

• Epithema dentatum subsp. hispidum (C.B.Clarke) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt；Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 112 1997；Hilliard, O. M. & B.L. Burtt 1997 New names in Epithema (Gesneriaceae) Edinburgh J. Bot. 54: 111-113
  • Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5: 178 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100121#page/181/mode/1up

• Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke；Cooke, Fl. Pre. Bombay 2: 325 1903；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11320395#page/333/mode/1up
• Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke；Santapau, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48: 491 1948；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732045#page/687/mode/1up

SYN

• Epithema carnosum var. hispidum C.B.Clarke；Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J. D. Hooker] 4: 369 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13817#page/373/mode/1up
  • Epithema ceylanicum Wight；Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 182 T. 159-b-3 1850；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39780#page/183/mode/1up
  • Epithema ceylanica Wight；Wight, Icon. 4: T.1354 1850；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/1859#page/39/mode/1up
  • Epithema zeylanicum Gardner；Dalzell & Gibson, Bomb. Fl. 135 1861；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77488#page/281/mode/1up

Epithema benthamii

• Epithema benthamii C.B.Clarke is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791629

• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 5(1): 180 1883；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32082139#page/183/mode/1up

• Epithema benthamii C.B.Clarke；Bransgrove & Middleton Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 170 f.1 2015；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53153458#page/176/mode/1up
• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke；Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 456 1923；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104540#page/462/mode/1up
• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke；Rolfe, J. Bot. 23: 215 1885；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33745#page/239/mode/1up
• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke；Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 563 1908；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/767823#page/188/mode/1up
• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke；S. Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 201 1886；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14898337#page/210/mode/1up
• Epithema benthami C.B.Clarke；S. Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. 131 1885；https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9490/?offset=#page=147&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=

Epithema saxatile

• Epithema saxatile Blume is an accepted name；http://www.plantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2791661

• Epithema saxatile Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 737 (1826)；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/429431#page/103/mode/1up

• Epithema saxatile Blume；Henderson, Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 4: 296 1928；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43659462#page/336/mode/1up
• Epithema saxatile Blume；Bransgrove & Middleton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67: 207 f.11 2015；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223283#page/213/mode/1up
• Epithema saxatile Blume；Burtt, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 29: 94 2001；Burtt, B. L. 2001 Flora of Thailand: annotated checklist of Gesneriaceae) Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) 29: 81-109