台灣灰木科亞屬及節之分類-王志強
山羊百科,林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
目錄 |
(三)台灣灰木科亞屬及節之分類
本研究中,參酌各項特徵,將台灣產之灰木科植物區分為灰木亞屬與深裂灰木亞屬2亞屬,深裂灰木亞屬中區分為8節,蕘花葉山礬節(Wikstroemifoliae)為本研究所新增。
亞屬1. Symplocos 灰木亞屬
- Symplocos Jacq.
- Symplocos subgen. Ciponima Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3:587 (1882). - Symplocos sect. Ciponima Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:669 (1876). - Type: Ciponina guianensis Aubl.
- Praealstonia Miers in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:291 (1879).
- Symplocos subgen. Cordyloblaste Gamble in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74(2), extra number 248 (1906).
- Symplocos subgen. Eusymplocos Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:26, 73 (1901). - Type: Symplocos martinicensis Jacq.
- Symplocos sect. Alstonia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4:1 (1837or 1838); Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:669 (1876).
- Symplocos sect. Cordyloboaste Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:669 (1876); Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:26, 88 (1901).
- Symplocos sect. Symplocastrum Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:26,73 (1901).
- Symplocos subsect. Ciponimastrum Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:26,78 (1901).
- Symplocos subsect. Pseudoalstonia Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:26,73 (1901).
葉乾燥後通常不轉為黃色,花瓣合生至中部而形成花冠筒,單體雄蕊;花絲扁平、基部合生,頂端急縮而呈短尾狀。
全世界約100種,台灣產1種。
21. Symplocos sonoharae Koidz. var. formosana C. C. Wang. 台灣南嶺灰木
亞屬2. Hopea (L.) Clarke 深裂灰木亞屬
- Symplocos subgen. Hopea (L.) Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3:572 (1882); Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:25 (1901); Nooteboom in Leid. Bot.
Ser. 1:43 (1975); Wu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 60(2):8 (1987); Nagamasu in Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 28:189 (1993). - Type:
Hopea tinctoria Linn.
- Symplocos sect. Hopea Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:668 (1876).
- Symplocos sect. Protohopea Miers. in Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:289(1879).
- Symplocos subgen. Eosymplocos Hand. -Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 62-B:4 (1943). - Lectype: Symplocos racemosa
Roxb. (Lectotypification: Nooteboom in Leid. Bot. Ser. 1:34).
葉乾燥後後通常轉變為黃色,花瓣僅於基部合生;雄蕊合生成5體或僅於基部聯結;花絲圓柱狀,頂端漸縮。 全世界約200種,台灣產24種。本亞屬可依下列特徵區分為8節。
台灣產深裂灰木亞屬分節檢索表
1. 落葉喬木或灌木,圓錐花序頂生…………………………………錐序節(Palura) 1. 常綠喬木或灌木,花序腋生。
Sect. 1. Palura G. Don 錐序節
- Symplocos sect. Palura G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4:3 (1837 or 1838); Hand.-Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 62B:4, 38 (1943); Wu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 60(2):72 (1987); Nagamasu in Contr. biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 28:189 (1993). Lectotype: Symplocos
crataegoides Ham. ex G. Don (Lectotypification: Nooteboom in Leid. Bot. Ser. 1:34 (1975).
- Palura Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:668 (1876).
- Palura Miers in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:297 (1879); Nakai, Tr. & Shr. 1:228 (1922); Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1:107 (1948).
落葉喬木或灌木;葉中肋表面凹陷;頂生圓錐花序,子房2室,花盤具5凸起之腺點,光滑;果僅1室發育,種子1,具彎曲胚。
3. Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce 灰木
Sect. 2. Lodhra G. Don 光頂山礬節
- Symplocos sect. Lodhra G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4:2 (1837 or 1838); Hand.-Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 62B:4, 18 (1943); Wu in
Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 60(2):19 (1987). Nagamasu in Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 28:190 (1993).
- Lodhra Guillemin, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2(15):158 (1841), nom. illeg.; Decaisne, Voy. Jacquinot 4:104 (1844), Quad
basionym; Miers in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:298 (1879).
- Lodhra Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 2:668 (1876); Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:25, 42. - Type: Symplocos racemes Roxb.
常綠喬木或灌木;葉中肋表面凹陷;總狀花序;苞片早落,雄蕊5體或於僅於基部合生,花盤光滑或被毛,子房3室,種子殆1,直線形或略彎曲,核果葫蘆形、長卵形、卵圓形或橢圓形。
- 2. Symplocos caudata Wall. 尾葉灰木
- 8. Symplocos heishanensis Hay. 平遮那灰木
- 11. Symplocos koidzumiana Tatewaki et Yosimura 小泉氏灰木
- 16. Symplocos modesta Brand 小葉白筆
- 18. Symplocos nokoensis (Hay.) Kanehira 能高灰木
- 19. Symplocos sasakii Hay. 佐佐木氏灰木
上述種類中,能高灰木有較小的葉片及1-3朵之花序,與平遮那灰木、小葉白筆、佐佐木氏灰木、尾葉灰木及小泉氏灰木5種之間具有較多的形態差異,是否應將其另列不同之節,值得考慮。
Sect. 3 Bobua (Adanson ) Brand 球果山礬節
- Symplocos sect. Bobua Brand, Pfl. R. Heft 6:25, 32 (1901); Hand. Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 62-B:4 (1943); Wu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 60(2):51 (1987); H. Nagamasu in Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 28:190 (1993).
常綠喬木或灌木;葉中肋在表面凹陷;花為腋生穗狀花序,通常於基部分歧;苞片宿存,雄蕊不明顯5體,花盤光滑,子房3室,種子1,兩端彎曲。
- 4a. Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore var. cochinchinensis 鐵銹葉灰木
- 4b. Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore var. philippinensis Noot. 蘭嶼灰木
- 12. Symplocos konishii Hay. 小西氏灰木
- 14. Symplocos laurina (Retz.) Wall 月桂葉灰木
- 23. Symplocos theophrastifolia Hay. 大葉白礬
Wu(1987)將台灣產的Symplocos mollifolia (密毛灰木 Symplocos trichoclada)及Symplocos lancifolia (台灣灰木 Symplocos formosana)歸於球果山礬節,而Nagamasu(1993),另成立披針葉山礬節(Sect. Lancifoliae),將日本之披針葉灰木及S. microcalyx獨立出來,主要依據其穗狀花序單一不分枝、核果球形,以及種子僅一端彎曲作為區別,筆者同意Nagamasu的看法。而球果山礬節大體包含的種類為Nooteboom(1975)所列之越南山礬,即具穗狀分枝之花序的諸多種類。