A Taxonomic Study on Dioscorea of Taiwan － Dioscorea bulbifera
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
- Chun Kuei Liao chunkuei.liao@gmail.com 2000/06
4. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753; Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. 87(4-43):88. 1924; Yamamoto, Suppl. Icon. Pl. Form. 3:6. 1927; Sasaki, List Pl. Form. 113. 1928; Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 1084. 1936; Yamamoto in J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 10:181. 1938; Brown in Use. Pl. Philip. 391. 1941; Burkill in Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 4(3):311. 1951; Liu, T. S. & T. C. Huang in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 3(2):146. 1962; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 314. 1965; Hatusima, Fl. Ryukyus. 791. 1971; Walker, Fl. Okinawa & South. Ryukyu Isl. 321. 1976; Liu, T. S. & T. C. Huang in Fl. Taiwan 5:102. 1978; Ting, C. T., M. C. Chang & P. P. Ling. in Fl. China 16(1):88, f.26. 1985.
－Dioscorea sativa auct. non L. :Thunb., Fl. Jap. 151. 1784; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5:340. 1850; Bentham, Fl. Hongkong 368. 1861; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3:159. 1867; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6:295. 1892; Matsumura & Hayata, Enum. Pl. 432. 1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Form. 122. 1910; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 10:44. f.24. 1921.
HABIT DESCRIBE
A glabrous, scandent vine from annual tuber; underground tubers depressed-ovoid or pyriform, 4-20 cm in diameter; epidermis dark-red or brown, warty; flesh light yellow-green, slightly poisonous, edible after boiled; aerial stem annual, sinistrose, terete, 2-6 mm thick, herbaceous, green or dark-purple, ridged; aerial tubers, axillary, globose or ovoid, 1-4 cm in diameter, brown, gray-brown or dark-red, warty. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, oblate-cordate or ovate-triangular, 8-15(19) cm long, 5-10(21.5) cm wide, acuminate or short-caudate at apex, entire and undulate at margin, cordate or auriculate at base, nerves 7-11, green or purple, prominent on both surfaces, veinlets concave at upper surface, convex at lower surface; petioles 3-8 cm long, 1-3 mm thick, twisted and dilated at base, green or purple, sulcate above, with 2 thin-wings along edge of sulcate and extending to auricled-clasping on stem.
Staminate inflorescence axillary, spicate, 1-5 together, pendulous, fasciculate or compound to paniculiform, up to 20 cm in long; spikes with 30-50 flowers, 5-10(15) cm long; rachis greenish, rigid. Male flowers alternate on rachis, campaniform, 1.8-2.8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous, 2- bracted; outer bract orbicular, 1.5-2.6 mm long, ca. 1-1.2 mm wide, acuminate at apex; inner bract ovate, 0.7-0.9 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, acuminate at apex, round and obtuse at base, yellow-green; perianth-segments 6, yellow-green, purple at apex; outer 3 perianth-segments oblong or narrowly ovate, 1.7-2 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide; inner 3 perianth-segments thick, oblong, ca. 1.7 mm long, ca. 0.5 wide, obtuse at apex, round at base; stamens 6, subequal, insert on base of perianth-segments, filaments terete, ca. 0.4 mm long, ca. 0.12 mm wide, anthers elliptic, ca. 0.3 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillodium rudimentary; stigmatiforms 3, conicus, ca. 0.3 mm tall. Pistillate inflorescence spicate, axillary, pendulous, 1-3 fasciculate, sometimes compound to paniculiform; spikes with up to 30 flowers, 10-20 cm long; rachis greenish, rigid, with 3 longitudinal ridges. Female flowers , ca. 5 mm long, ca, 1.2 mm wide, green, glabrous, 2-bracted; outer bract ovate, ca. 2.8 mm long, ca. 1.6 mm wide, acuminate at apex; inner bract lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, round at base, acuminate at apex; perianth-segments 6, yellow-green or purple at apex, subequal, oblong or narrowly ovate, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, obtuse at apex; staminodia 6, insert on base of perianth-segments, stick-like, ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.12 mm thick, 2-lobed at apex; ovary inferior, trigonous, 3-celled; ovules 2 on each cell; stigmas 3, ca. 0.4 mm tall, 2-cleft at apex. Fruit capsulate, tripterous, oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, round at apex and base, green in mature, brown in dry, with short-lined brown spots, dehiscent at apex; stipe 2 mm long, reflexed after pollinated; perianth-segments and stigmas persistent. Seeds 2 in each cell, flattened, slightly triangular, ca. 0.4 mm long, dark-brown, with membranous wing on terminal and elonggated to base of fruit; wing oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, obtuse at apex.
Distributed in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, India, Burma, Australia, Africa and tropical America. This species is common in thicket and roadside thoughtout Taiwan, from low to 2,000m in altitude.
This species is flowering from July to October in the island of Taiwan, and from May to July in Lanyu. It’s fruiting from August to November, or from June in Lanyu.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Arukoron-sogen (Palau), T. Beselawa 7052 (TAI). Taipei City: cult. in TFRI, T. C. Huang 1800, 1805 (TAI); Tat’unshan, S. Sasaki s.n. in 1928 (TAI 30801 ); Yanmingshan to Hsinpeitou , M. T. Kao s.n. in 1953 (TAI 30792). Taipei Hsien: Chuchih (Kuttushyaku), B. Hayata et al. s.n. in 1912 (TAI 6214, 6241); Leikungpo to Shinting, C. S. Kouh 2107 (TAI); Tsaolinkudow, H. W. Lin 209 (HAST); Chinshan (Kizan, Taihoku), G. Masamune & S. Suzuki s.n. in 1932 (TAI 30835); Pinlin-Pihu, W. F. Ho 646 (TAI); Pitanshan, H. Simizu 2254 (TAI); Sinko (Taihoku), S, Sasaki s.n. in 1922 (TAI 30812, 30834); Shihting, S. Sasaki s.n. in 1933 (TAI 30803), T. C. Lin & S. C. Shen s.n. in 1933 (TAI 30807); Wantan, H. Simizu 2931 (TAI); Wulai, Y. Yamamoto s.n. in 1944 (TAI). Hsinchu: Hotpo-syoi, Sintikwsyu, H. Simizu s.n. in 1934 (TAI 30796); T’saoshan, Y. Shimada s.n. in 1917 (TAI); Nalo (Chienshih Hsiang), Y. C. Liu s.n. in 1994 (TFRI 75548). Nantou Hsien: Pashepu, T. Kawakami & U. Mori s.n. in 1906 (TFRI 6240, 6241); Chaochingshan (Chushan), J. C. Lin 1,2 (TFRI). Kaohsiung Hsien: Liuchiuhsu (Insula Liukiusyo); Paoshan (Chushinron), Y. Yamamoto et al. 773 (TAI 30798, 30799); Kangshan, Y. Simada 5993 (TAI). Kaohsiung City: Takao, T. Soma s.n. in 1915 (TAI 30811); E. Matuda s.n. in 1916 (TFRI 6218), E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TAI 30809); Shoushan, C. L. Yeh s.n. in 1985 (PPI24045). Pingtung Hsien: Chiate (Mutan Hsiang), T. Y. Liu et al. 1093; Chichia logging road (Chunjih Hsiang), T. Y. Liu et al. 711, 712 (HAST); Haoch’a (Wutai Hsiang), T. Y. Liu 754 (TFRI); Kangk’ou, T. Soma s.n. in 1915 (TFRI 6247); Kenting, J. C. Chang s.n. in 1976 (PPI 8948,8949), Chang, Yeh & Chune s.n. in 1984 (PPI 23227), Ou & Kao 9094 (TAI); Kenting (Koetei et Higasikaigan), A. T. Hsieh s.n. in 1955 (TAI 30804); Kenting (Kurarn), E. Matuda s.n. in 1916 (TAI 30808); Kuanshan, Y. L. Chung 1105 (PPI); Likang, E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TFRI 6217, TAI 30802); Lilits’un, S. Z. Yang 27051 (PPI); Lilungshan, S. Z. Yang 23572 (PPI); Manchu -Nanjenshan, S, M. Chaw 820 (HAST); Mutanshe (Botansya), E. Matuda 531 (TAI); Mutanwan, E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TFRI 6216); Nanjenshan, Ou & Kao 9096 (TAI); Pingtungshih, S. H. Shih 179 (PPI); Santiman -Wutai, S. Z. Yang 23791, 23792(HAST) 23844 (PPI); Tachienshihshan (Kenting), T. C. Huang & S. F. Hsu 13765; Tamei (Mutan Hsiang), C. L. Yeh 857, 860 (PPI); Tatung farm (Changtzu Hsiang), S. Z. Yang 25112 (PPI); Tewen (Tokubun -Santimon), E. Matuda s.n. in 1919 (TAI 30795); Paoli, C. E. Chang s.n. in 1961 (PPI 1149); Wanan, C. L. Yeh 721 (PPI); Wanchin (Bankinsing), A. Henry 1673; Wutai, Y. T. Chen s.n. in 1990 (PPI 41203). Taitung Hsien: Tunghsing (Peinan Hsiang), C. M. Wang et al. 1587 (HAST). Lanyu: S. Sasaki s.n. in 1912 (TFRI 6219, TAI 30789), in 1926 (TAI 30805, 30888, 30889, 30890, 30891), in 1933 (TAI 30797), in 1934 (TAI 148251); T. Kawakami & S. Sasaki s.n. in 1912 (TAI 30790) Ilan Hsien: Chiachi, T. C. Huang & S. F. Hsu 13117 (TAI). Ilan Hsien: Chilanshan, D. Zsolt et al. 49251, 49376 (TFRI).
