A Taxonomic Study on Dioscorea of Taiwan － Dioscorea cirrhosa
山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄
- Chun Kuei Liao chunkuei.liao@gmail.com 2000/06
5. Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2:625. 1790; Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. 87(4-43):288. 1924; Yamamoto in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 28:44. 1938; Prain & Burkill in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 14(2):273. 1939, pl.113. 1938; Hatusima, Fl. Ryukyus 791. 1971; Walker, Fl. Okinawa & Sourth. Ryukyu Isl. 320. 1976; Ting, C. T., M. C. Chang & P. P. Ling. in Fl. China 16(1):108, f.34. 1985.
－Dioscorea matsudai Hayata Icon. Pl. Form. 10:39, f.20. 1921; Yamamoto in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 28:44. 1938; Yamamoto in J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 11:278. 1939; Liu, T. S. & T. C. Huang in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 3(2):140. 1962; Liu, T. S. & T. C. Huang in Fl. Taiwan 5:108. 1978.
－Dioscorea rhipogonoides Oliver in Hook. Icon. Pl. 19(3):pl.1868. 1889; Matsumura & Hayata, Enum. Pl. 433. 1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Form. 122. 1910; Yamamota, Suppl. Icon. Pl. Form. 3:8. 1927; Sasaki, List Pl. Form. 114. 1928; Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 1015. 1936.
HABIT DESCRIBE
A glabrous, scandent vine from perennial tuber, up to 20m; underground tubers ovate, globose, calabash-shape, or string by 1-5 units of globose or ovate tubers, up to 20 cm in diameter, 1-7 together; epidermis dark-brown, rough, with vertical groove; flesh red or dark-red, and dark-purple in dry; aerial stems perennial, dextrorse, terete, 2-12 mm thick, branched, slightly woodly, yellow, gray-green, or brown near base of stem, with black specks, with flattened or warted prickles, sometimes glabrous; aerial tuber never existed. Leaves opposite or alternate near the base of stem, ovate-lanceolet , elliptic to nerrowly elliptic, or ovate to widely ovate in the base of stem, 7-9(12) cm long, 2-5(10) cm wide, acuminate or acute or short-caudate at apex, entire at margin, round, obtuse, cuneate, truncate, cordate, retus, or emarginate at base, oriaceous or herbrous, green on upper surface, gray-green on lower surface; nervers 5-7 (9); veinlets fine and prominet on both surfaces, concave on upper suface, convex on lower surface; petioles semiterete, 1.8-2.2(4) cm long, 1-1.5 mm thick, green or purple, sulcate above, both terminal twisted and dilated and articulated, with pulvinate which bearing 3-5 rows prickles.
Staminate inflorescence spicate, axillary, pendulous, 1-3 together, usually compound to paniculiform, up to 14 cm; spikes with up to 20 flowers, ca. 1-10 cm long, opposite on rachis; rachis 1-2 mm thick, greenish, rigid. Male flowers, globose, ca. 2.6 mm in diameter, glabrous, 2-bracted; outer bract deltoid, ca. 1.1 mm long, ca. 1.4 mm wide, acute at apex; inner bract deltoid, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, acute at apex, truncate at base; perianths 6; outer 3 perianths orbicular, ca. 2.4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, obtuse at apex, round at base; inner 3 perianths ovate, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, filaments terete, ca.1 mm long, ca. 0.12 mm thick, insert at base of perianths, anthers oblong, ca. 0.4 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, dorsifixed, 2-celled; pistillodium rudimentary, conicus, ca. 0.3 mm tall; stigmatiform 3. Pistillate inflorescence spicate, axillary, pendulous, solitary, ca. 12 cm long, with up to 10 flowers; rachis greenish, rigid, with 3 longitudinal ridges. Female flowers green, glabrous, 2-bracted; outer bract orbicular, acuminate at apex; inner bract lanceolate, round at base, acuminate at apex; perianth-segments 6, subequal; outer 3 perianth-segments ovate or orbicular, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, obtuse at apex, yellow-green or purple at apex; staminodia 6, insert at base of perianth-segments; ovary inferior, trigonous, 3-celled; ovules 2 on each cell; stigmas 3, ca. 0.3 mm tall, 2-cleft at apex. Fruit capsulate, tripterous, pendulous, transversely elliptic, ca. 2 cm long, ca. 3cm wide, green in mature, brown in dry, dehiscent perfectly; stipe ca. 3-5 mm long; perianth-segments and stigmas persistent. Seeds 2 in each cell, flattened, ovate, ca. 0.8 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, brown, with broadly membranous wing around; wing 6-10 mm broad.
Distributed in Taiwan, Ryukyus and south of China. The species is common in thicket and roadside thoughtout Taiwan, from low to 2,000m in altitude.
The species is flowering from April to October, and fruiting from April to October.
TYPIFICATION: China: Hongkong, Ford s.n. in 1880 (KEW, slide).
SPECIMENS EXAMINED
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Buizan, E. Matuda s.n. in 1918 (TAI 31168, 31169); Kappanzan, U. Faurie s.n. in 1915 (TFRI); Kuskus, Y. Kudo & S. Sasaki 15919 (TAI); Taipei City: S. Sasaki s.n. in 1918 (TFRI 6272); Chinlingshan-Waishuangsi (Neihu), Y. C. Chen et al. 5 (HAST); Chinchuang-Mileshan (Nankang), C. I. Peng et al. 14558 (HAST); Chinglong Temple (Neihu), R. S. Weng et al. 257 (TAI); Chihsingshan, Y. Y. Pan s.n. 1971 (HAST, PPI 1141); Chutzuhu, T. C. Huang 2314, 2315 (TAI); Matsao, Y. C. Kao et al. 231 (HAST); Nankanshan, C. I. Peng 6406 (HAST); Neihu, Y. Tateichi et al. 16775 (TAI); Yangminshan, Y. Kudo & S. Sasaki 3275 (TAI); S. Sasaki s.n. in 1935 (TAI 31192), T. I. Chuang 4950,4798 (HAST), C. C. Liao 250, 252, 279, 740 (HAST), S. M. Chaw 493 (HAST), J. L. Panero et al. 6396 (HAST), T. C. Huang 1840 (TAI), M. T. Kao 4615 (TAI); Hushih Park (Nankang), C. I. Peng 13896 (HAST); Shamaoshan, J. C. Wang 3019, 3188 (TAI); Tatunggshan, H. J. Chang 1708 (TAI); NTU, S. H. Yang 50 (TAI). Taipei Hsien: Chingjenhu (Keelung), C. C. Liao et al. 1097 (HAST); Chinkualiao (Pinglin Hsiang), H. F. Yeh et al. 6801 (HAST); Hsianshan, T. C. Huang 10862, 10863, 10864 (TAI), K. C. Yang 2020 (TAI); Hsiaoketo, W. F. Hu s.n. in 1996 (TFRI 79518, 79519); Hsiaoi-Tunghou (Wulai), Y. K. Chen et al. 297 (HAST), C. M. Wang 1173 (HAST), S. C. Wu 955 (TFRI); Hsitzu, Y. Tateishi et al. s.n. in 1982 (TAI 185158); Huangtitien (Shihting Hsiang), C. H. Lin 719 (HAST), S. C. Wu 955 (HAST); Liuchangli-Mucha, C. S. Kouh 2182 (TAI); Menghu (Hsichin Town), Y. R. Lin 255 (HAST); Muchihshan (Naihu), T. C. Huang & K. C. Yang 1900 (TAI); Pihu, S. Y. Lu 12918 (HAST, TFRI) , Y. Tateichi et al. 16754 (TAI); Pinglin, T. C. Huang 9096 (TAI), S. W. Han 5 (TAI); Pitan, H. Simizu 2783 (TAI); Shihkuliao , H. L.Chiang 228 (HAST, TFRI); Shihting, Y. Tateichi et al. 16610 (TAI), T. C. Huang 9772 (TAI); Shihtsao (Pinglin Hsiang), H. Y. Shen 705 (HAST); Tawulunshan (Keelung), W. P. Leu et al. 1990 (HAST); Wufenshan-Shihfenliao (Keelung), C. K. Liou s.n. 1997 (TFRI 84606); Wuliaochien (Sanhsia), C. I. Peng 8698 (HAST); Yuanton Temple (Chungho), W. F. Ho 132 (TFRI). Taoyuan Hsien: Manyueyuenshan, T. H. Hsien et al. 1464; Tawan (Fuhsing Hsiang), C. M. Wang & H. M. Lin 2185 (HAST). Hsinchu: Tungping (Hsinpu Hsiang), C. M. Wang 762 (HAST). Taichung Hsien: Chiapoutai, S. F. Huang 599 (TAI), W. S. Tang 333 (TAI); Hsitou; Takeng, K. Y. Wang 280 (HAST). Nantou Hsien: Chingshuikou tract, T. C. Huang 1912 (TAI); Lienhuachih (Yuchih Hsiang), T. Shimizu 22369 (HAST), L. H. Wu et al. 74 (HAST), J. C. Wang et al. 10068 (HAST), T. C. Huang & S. F. Hsu 13157, 13192 (TAI); Puli, T. C. Huang s.n. in 1994 (TAI 228774); Shuishe, R. Kanehira & S. Sasaki s.n. in 1918 (TFRI 6278); Shuichangliu, C. Y. Chiu s.n. (PPI 1124). Chiayi Hsien: Alishan, M. T. Kao 9660 (TAI). Kaohsiung Hsien: Sanping (Maolin Hsiang), J. C. Wang et al. 9558 (HAST), C. L. Yeh 001 (PPI); Tengchih-Chuyunshan (Taoyung Hsiang), J. C. Wang et al. 10397 (HAST). Pingtung Hsien: Chiapuanshan (Shihtzu Hsiang), C. K. Liao 209 (HAST, PPI); Chinshuiying, C. E. Chang 3548 (PPI), S. Z. Yang 6862, 22896, 23685; Chiupeng (Manchu Hsiang), C. E. Chang 17883 (PPI); Hengchun; Lilungshan, S. T. Chen 30 (PPI); Mutan, C. E. Chang 5136 (HAST), C. E. Chang 4797, 5136(PPI); Nanjenshan (Manchou Hsiang), C. E. Chang 4193, H. L. Ho 1345(HAST), C. E. Chang 3792, 4193, Y. T. Chen s.n. in 1987 (PPI 26543), C. C. Chao s.n. in 1987 (PPI 26599), C. J. Cheng s.n. in 1987 (PPI 26619), P. L. Hsiao s.n. in 1987 (PPI 45272); Taipingshan, T. Y. Yang 222 (TAI); Tungyuan (Muta Hsiang), S. M. Liu et al. 106 (HAST); Wanan, C. L. Yeh 717, 720 (PPI); Weiliaoshan, Y. T. Huang 62 (PPI); Wutai (Wutai Hsiang), C. E. Chang 11963, 11964 (PPI), Y. T. Chen s.n. in 1990 (PPI), T. S. Chang s.n. in 1990 (PPI). Taitung Hsien: Kwetien, Y. Y. Yang 1153 (TAI). Lutao: S. Sasaki s.n. in 1935 (TAI 30895). Lanyu: C. E. Chang 6243 (PPI), S. Sasaki s.n. in 1926, 1929, 1934, 1935 (TAI 30939,30942, 30943,30944, 31174, 31189); Chingshuishan, C. E. Chang 11435 (PPI); Shuangshihyenshan, C. L. Yeh 806 818 (PPI); Tasenshan, C. E. Chang 19676 (PPI); Tienchih, C. L. Yeh s.n. in 1972 (PPI 1111); Yunghsingshan, C. E. Chang 11435 (PPI). Ilan Hsien: Bonbonshan, M. T. Kao 5977 (TAI). Hualien: Chipan (Keihan), S. Suzuki 9105 (TAI).
