台灣菫菜屬物種註記

山羊百科，林文智老師的植物、山岳、攝影紀錄

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菫菜科　Violaceae

目錄

菫菜屬　Viola

Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz；Mémoire sur la famille des Violacées

二裂花柱亞屬　Viola subg. Dischidium

短距堇菜組　Viola Sect. Brevicalcaratae

雙黃花菫菜　Viola biflora

Viola tayemonii Hayata → Viola biflora L.
Viola kanoi Sasaki → Viola biflora L.

美麗堇菜亞屬　Viola subg. Melanium

野生堇菜　Viola arvensis



堇菜亞屬　Viola subg. Viola

  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Ging., Mom. sur la Fam. Viol. 11. 1823
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Ging., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 291. 1824；https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/154249#page/298/mode/1up
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；W. Beck. in Engler et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2, 21: 365. 1925；
  • Viola Sect. Nomimium Ging.；Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 1 (3): 239. 1949, nom. tant.；

匍匐堇菜组 Sect. Serpentes

喜岩菫菜　Viola adenothrix

喜岩菫菜　Viola adenothrix Hayata　→ 柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu

Viola brachycentra Hayata　→ Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
Viola thrichopoda Hayata
Viola trichopoda Hayata　→ Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
Viola taiwanensis W. Becker　→ 台灣菫菜　Viola formosana Hayata
Viola kasanensis auct. non Hayata
Viola royleana auct. non Wallich
Viola rupicola auct. non Elmer　→ unresolved
Viola effusa W. Becker　→ unresolved
Viola matsudai Hayata
Viola matsudae Hayata　→ Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang

雪山菫菜　Viola adenothrix var. tsugitakaensis

雪山菫菜　Viola adenothrix Hayata var. tsugitakaensis (Masam.) Wang & Huang 　→ 　柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu

Viola tsugitakaensis Masam. → 柔毛菫菜　Viola fargesii H. Boissieu

廣東菫菜　Viola kwangtungensis

  • Viola kwangtungensis Melch.；Sunyatsenia 1(203): 124–126, pl. 31 1933.／ Melch., Sunyatsenia : Journal of the Botanical Institute, College of Agriculture, Sun Yatsen University, Canton, China 1: 124. 1933. (Sunyatsenia, 國立中山大學農林植物硏究所季刊)


合生托葉組　Viola Sect. Adnatae

無地上莖，也無匍匐枝。托葉1/2-2/3與葉柄合生。花柱基部微膝曲，柱頭頂部微凹，兩側具緣邊，前方具短喙。

箭葉菫菜　Viola betonicifolia

箭葉菫菜　Viola betonicifolia Sm.

Viola caespitosa D. Don → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola patrinii auct. non DC.
Viola patrinii DC. var. chinesis auct. non Ging → Viola philippica Cav.

短毛菫菜　Viola confusa

短毛菫菜　Viola confusa Champ. ex Benth.　　→ 　長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume

Viola japonica auct. non Langsdorf
Viola stenocentra Hayata ex Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola pseudojaponica Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola yedoensis Makino var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Hashim. ex E. Hama → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola philippica auct. non Cav.

小菫菜　Viola inconspicua subsp. nagasakiensis

小菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) Wang & Huang → ???

Viola confusa subsp. nagasakiensis (W. Becker) F. Maek. & Hashim. → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola mandshurica subsp. nagasakiensis W. Becker → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola minor (Makino) Makino → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola patrinii DC. var. minor Makino → 長萼菫菜　Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola taiwaniana Nakai → 琉球菫菜　Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen

紫花地丁　Viola mandshurica

Viola oblongo-sagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai f. ishizakii Yamamoto → ???
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai → Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola oblongosagittata Nakai f. ishizakii Yamam. → Viola mandshurica W. Becker
Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. ciliata Nakai → Viola mandshurica W. Becker
Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. glabra Nakai → Viola mandshurica W. Becker

琉球菫菜　Viola philippica var. pseudojaponica

Viola longistipulata Hayata → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
南投菫菜　Viola nantouensis S. S. Ying → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola pseudojaponica Nakai
Viola stenocentra Hayata ex Nakai
Viola taiwaniana Nakai
Viola yedoensis var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Hashim. ex E. Hama

雙緣柱頭堇菜組　Viola Sect. Bilobatae

有或無地上莖或具上升的匍匐枝。托葉大形呈葉狀或小而近全緣，或具細齒裂，離生或僅基部與葉柄合生。花小；下方花瓣的距較短；花柱基部或多或少膝曲，柱頭頂部兩側有肥厚的片狀緣邊，前方具明顯的短喙；柱頭孔較粗。

如意草　Viola arcuata

Viola verecunda auct. non A. Gray
Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola arcuata Bl. var. verecunda (A. Gray) Nakai f. rasicans (Makino) Nakai → ???
Viola arcuata f. radicans (Makino) Nakai → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. hensoaensis Kudo & Sasaki → Viola arcuata Blume
Viola verecunda A. Gray f. radicans Makino → Viola arcuata Blume

蔓莖堇菜組　Viola Sect. Diffusae

無地上莖，有匍匐枝。匍匐枝具較長的節間，頂端簇生蓮座狀葉。托葉較狹，近膜質。花小；下方花瓣的距較短；柱頭頂部二淺裂或平坦，二裂片間的前方具短喙。

茶匙黃　Viola diffusa

Viola diffusa Ging. var. glabella Boiss
Viola diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu → Viola diffusa Ging.

台北菫菜　Viola nagasawae

Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh → Unresolved

Viola acutilabella Hayata → Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
Viola nagasawai Makino & Hayata var. acutilabella (Hayata) Nakai → unresolved name
Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh var. acutilabella (Hayata) Nakai → Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
台灣植物誌採用Viola nagasawai Makino & Hayata var. nagasawai ，The Plant List 接受的學名是Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata。

普萊氏菫菜　Viola nagasawai var. pricei

Viola pricei W. Becker → Viola nagasawai C. F. Hsieh var. pricei (W. Becker) Wang & Huang → Unresolved
Viola nagasawai auct. non Makino & Hayata

心葉茶匙黃　Viola tenuis

心葉茶匙黃　Viola tenuis Benth. → 茶匙黃　Viola diffusa Ging.

Viola diffusa subsp. tenuis (Benth.) W. Becker → 茶匙黃　Viola diffusa Ging.

Viola Sect. Formosanae

台灣菫菜　Viola formosana

Viola tozanensis Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata
Viola kawakamii Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola logistipulata Hayata
Viola longistipulata Hayata → Viola philippica Cav. var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y. S. Chen
Viola hypoleuca Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata var. stenopetala Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola arisanensis W. Becker → unresolved
Viola takasagoensis Koidz. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola formosana Hayata var. tozanensis (Hayata) Hsieh
Viola formosana Hayata var. tozanensis (Hayata) C. F. Hsieh → Viola formosana Hayata

川上氏菫菜　Viola formosana var. kawakamii

川上氏菫菜　Viola formosana Hayata var. stenopetala (Hayata) Wang, Huang & Hashim.

Viola formosana var. stenopetala (Hayata) J. C. Wang, T. C. Huang & T. Hashim. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola kawakamii Hayata var. stenopetala Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola hypoleuca Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola matsudai Hayata
Viola matsudae Hayata → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola takasagoensis Koidz. → Viola formosana Hayata var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang
Viola formosana auct. non Hayata:

斜柱頭堇菜組　Viola Sect. Plagiostigma

無地上莖。根狀莖細長且橫生，或短縮且垂直。托葉離生，通常膜質。柱頭頂部扁平、傾斜，呈釘帽狀，前方具短喙，喙端稍細，有較小的柱頭孔。

尖山菫菜　Viola senzanensis


鳥嘴柱頭組　Viola Sect. Trigonocarpae

花期有地上莖，稀無地上莖。柱頭前方的鉤狀喙較短，喙通常向上斜升，稀近直立，較花柱最寬部分的直徑為短，柱頭孔較粗。蒴果長圓形；果梗通常直立。

雞腿菫菜 Viola acuminata

新竹菫菜　Viola kosanensis

新竹菫菜　Viola shinchikuensis Yamamoto

Viola shinchikuensis Yamam. → Viola kosanensis Hayata
Viola nagamiana Hashimoto
Viola nagamiana T. Hashim. → Viola kosanensis Hayata
  • Viola Sect. Trigonocarpae
  1. Hashimoto, Tamotsu 1987 Trigonocarpae Violets of Taiwan Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden 6 1-7

紫花菫菜　Viola grypoceras

Viola acuminata Ledcbour → Viola acuminata Ledeb.

翠峰菫菜　Viola obtusa var. tsuifengensis




须毛柱头堇菜亚属 Subgen. Chamaemelanium

Violaceae Reference

  1. Ballard, H. E., J. De Paula-Sousz and G. A. Wahlert 2014 Violaceae Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 303-322
  2. Fernando, Edwino S., Marilyon O. Quimado, Augustine I. Doronila 2014 Rinorea niccolifera (Violaceae), a new, nickel-hyperaccumulating species from Luzon Island, Philippines PhytoKeys 37: 1–13
  3. Hekking, W. H. A. (1988). Violaceae. Part I: Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus. New York: Published for the Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden
  4. Jacobs, M. and D. M. Moore 1971 Violaceae Flora Malesiana ser. I vol. 7
  5. Lin, Hsin-Tzu 1950 Notes on the Genus Viola in Taiwan Taiwania 1: 269-283
  6. Makino, T. 1912 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 122) Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26 (305) 144-158
  7. Makino, T. 1912 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 158.) Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26 (306) 172-184
  8. Makino, T. 1913 Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 127.) Bot. Mag (Tokyo) 27 (319): 150-154
  9. Marcussen, Thomas, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Jiří Danihelka, Harvey E. Ballard, Kim Blaxland, Anne K. Brysting and Bengt Oxelman 2012 Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae) Syst. Biol. 61 (1):107–126
  10. Peng, Ching-I and Yueh-Fong Chen 1985 Hybanthus Jacq. (Violaceae), a New Generic Record for the Flora of Taiwan Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 26 (2) 213-220
  1. 中井猛之進 1922 すみれ雜記 (其一) 植物学雑誌 36 423 52-61
  2. 中井猛之進 1922 すみれ雜記 (其二) 植物学雑誌 36 424 84-94
  3. 王庆瑞 1988 中国堇菜科小志 (一) 植物研究 8 (2): 17-24.
  4. 王庆瑞 1991 中国堇菜属植物新分类群 云南植物研究 13(3): 257-266
  5. 王庆瑞 1992 中国堇菜属植物分类群(续) 云南植物研究 14(4) 379-382
  6. 周勁松、邢福武 2007 中國堇菜屬美麗堇菜亞屬(堇菜科)植物分類學修訂 西北植物學報 27(5) 1017-1021
  7. 周劲松、龚琴、刑福武 2007 中国堇菜（堇菜科）两新异名 热带亚热带植物学报 15(4):366-368
  8. 周劲松、巫远坤、黎昌汉、邢福武 2007 广东堇菜属植物新记录 热带亚热带植物学报 15(5):455-456
  9. 周劲松，黎昌汉，邢福武 2008 中国堇菜属(堇菜科)一些种类的修订 广西植物 28 (5):572-573.
  10. 李连方、尹祖棠 2000 堇菜属植物花粉及叶表皮超微形态多样性的研究 中国农业大学学报 5(3) : 6-12
  11. 邢福武、秦新生 2004　中国植物志堇菜科 Violaceae拾遗 华南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 25(1) 120-121
  12. 邢福武、黎昌汉 2004 堇菜属 (堇菜科)植物新资料 热带亚热带植物学报 12(5):475-476
  13. 孙雪芹，刘玫，孙天航，张欣欣，史传奇 2014 东北堇菜属植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学价值的探讨 草业学报 23 (2): 223-234
  14. 陳又生　2006 中国堇菜属的分类修订 中國科學院研究生院（植物研究所）
  15. 梁冠欣，邢福武 2010 堇菜属组间的系统发育与亲缘关系 : 基于trn L-trn F、psbA-trnH、 rpL16、ITS序列, 细胞学以及形态学证据 云南植物研究 32(6): 477-488
  16. 黄素华 2003 云南堇菜属新种 云南植物研究 25(4): 431-434
  17. 潘雅书，邢福武 2012 长萼堇菜多倍体复合体种群的分布格局研究 植物科学学报 30(2) 147-152
  18. 龚琴、周劲松、张永夏、梁冠欣、陈红锋、邢福武 2010 国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究 热带亚热带植物学报 18(6):633-642
  19. 藤原 正人 and 笠原 恵 スミレ属の葉緑体 DNA を用いた分子系統解析に関する研究

Viola Reference

  1. Asheesh, Kandpal, Chaubey Suresh, Pandey Meenakshi 2017 A brief knowledge of Banafsha (Viola odorata L.) & pther Viola species IJAPR 5 (4): 73-78
  1. Becker, Wilhelm 1928 New Chinese Species of Viola Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 6: 247-252
  1. Chatterjee, Amiyangshu and Arun Kumar Sharma 1972 Cytological studies on Indian representatives of the genus Viola Journal of Genetics 61 (01): 52–63
  2. Chen, You-Sheng and Qin-Er Yang 2008 A new species of Viola (Violaceae) from southern China Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4):755-761
  3. Chen, You-Sheng and Qin-Er Yang 2009 Two new stoloniferous species of Viola (Violaceae) from China Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (2):349-356
  1. Dani, Ram S and Krishna K Shrestha 2004 Two new records of Viola L. (Violaceae) for Nepal Him J Sci 2 (3): 48-50
  1. Espeut, Marc 2020 Revision of the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) in the Russian Far East with notes on adjacent territories Botanica Pacifica 9 (1): 3–52
  1. Freitas leandro and Marlies Sazima 2003 Floral Biology and Pollination Mechanisms in Two Viola Species—From Nectar to Pollen Flowers? Ann Bot 91(3): 311-317
  1. Hama, Eisuke and Cunio Nackejima 1976 Notes on the violets of Japan J. Jap. Bot 51: 339-344
  2. Hashimoto, Tamotsu 1987 Trigonocarpae Violets of Taiwan Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden 6 1-7
  3. Huang, Su-Hua 2003 New Species of Viola from Yunnan Acta Botanica Yunnanica 25(4) 431-434
  1. Lu, Chang-Tse, Yu-Long Hung, Chih-Hsiung Chen 2019 Viola kwangtungensis Melch. (Violaceae): a new record Viola in Taiwan Taiwan J For Sci 34 (2):135-42
  1. Masood, Maria, Muhammad Arshad, Saira Asif and Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari 2014 Viola canescens: Herbal Wealth to Be Conserved Journal of Botany 6 P.
  1. Nakai, T. 1928 Violæ ad Floram Japonicam Novæ Bot. Mag. Tokyo 42 556-566
  2. Nakamura, Koh, Tetsuo Denda, Goro Kokubugata, Chiun-Jr Huang, Ching-I Peng and Masatsugu Yokota 2015 Phylogeny and biogeography of the Viola iwagawae-tashiroi species complex (Violaceae, section Plagiostigma) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Plant Systematics and Evolution 301: 337–351
  3. Ning, Zu-Lin, Zhen-Xin Zeng, Ling Chen, Bing-Qiang Xu and Jing-Ping Liao 2012 Viola jinggangshanensis (Violaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China Annales Botanici Fennici 49 (5/6) 383-386
  1. Shrestha, K. K., K. N. Paudyalz and D. K. Ferguson 2005 Pollen Morphology of Himalayan Viola (Violaceae) Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 6 73-79
  1. Thomson, George M. 1878 Notes on Cleistogamic Flowers of the Genus Viola Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 11: 415-417
  1. Valentine, D. H. 1962 Variation and evolution in the genus Viola Preslia 34: 190-206
  1. Wang, Jenn-Che, Tseng-Chieng Huang 1990 Notes on the Flora of Taiwan (9) --- The Viola L. (Violaceae) Taiwania 35(1) 12-56
  1. Zhou, Jin-Song and Fu-Wu Xing 2007 Viola changii sp. nov. (Violaceae) from Guangdong, southern China Nordic Journal of Botany 25: 303-305

Part A

  1. 王庆瑞 1991 中国堇菜属植物新分类群 云南植物研究 13(3): 257-266
  2. 王庆瑞 1992 中国堇菜属植物分类群(续) 云南植物研究 14(4) 379-382
  3. 周勁松、邢福武 2007 中國堇菜屬美麗堇菜亞屬(堇菜科)植物分類學修訂 西北植物學報 27(5) 1017-1021
  4. 周劲松、巫远坤、黎昌汉、邢福武 2007 广东堇菜属植物新记录 热带亚热带植物学报 15(5):455-456
  5. 周劲松，黎昌汉，邢福武 2008 中国堇菜属(堇菜科)一些种类的修订 广西植物 28 (5):572-573.
  6. 李连方、尹祖棠 2000 堇菜属植物花粉及叶表皮超微形态多样性的研究 中国农业大学学报 5(3) : 6-12
  7. 邢福武、黎昌汉 2004 堇菜属 (堇菜科)植物新资料 热带亚热带植物学报 12(5):475-476
  8. 孙雪芹，刘玫，孙天航，张欣欣，史传奇 2014 东北堇菜属植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学价值的探讨 草业学报 23 (2): 223-234
  9. 陳又生　2006 中国堇菜属的分类修订 中國科學院研究生院（植物研究所）
  10. 梁冠欣，邢福武 2010 堇菜属组间的系统发育与亲缘关系 : 基于trn L-trn F、psbA-trnH、 rpL16、ITS序列, 细胞学以及形态学证据 云南植物研究 32(6): 477-488
  11. 黄素华 2003 云南堇菜属新种 云南植物研究 25(4): 431-434
  12. 潘雅书，邢福武 2012 长萼堇菜多倍体复合体种群的分布格局研究 植物科学学报 30(2) 147-152
  13. 龚琴、周劲松、张永夏、梁冠欣、陈红锋、邢福武 2010 国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究 热带亚热带植物学报 18(6):633-642
  14. 藤原 正人 and 笠原 恵 スミレ属の葉緑体 DNA を用いた分子系統解析に関する研究
取自"http://plant.climb.com.tw/modules/mediawiki/index.php/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%8F%AB%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%AC%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E8%A8%BB%E8%A8%98"
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